Trypanosomosis in camel caused by Trypanosoma evansi is still a serious problem in camel husbandry causes considerable economic losses in many camel-rearing regions of the world. In the present study 193 camels clinically suspected for surra were examined parasitologically by Giemsa stained blood smear (GSBS) and haematocrit centrifugation technique, serologically for detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies by card agglutination test for trypanosomes (CATT), and for DNA amplification, by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with primers yielding a 177 bp PCR product for the specific detection of Trypanozoan parasites. Out of 193, eight camels were positive by GSBS (4.1%) while 12 were positive with haematocrit centrifugation technique (6.2%). Detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies with CATT yielded 84 positive amples (43.5%). Using PCR 110 out of 193 were positive (56.9 %). PCR technique is accurate, more sensitive and specific method for diagnosis of trypanosome infected camels than parasitological techniques; it overcomes the problem of specificity and can detect low parasitemic camels in chronic cases. The PCR proved to be the best test used for detection of camel trypanosomosis in Egypt. Keywords: Camels, Trypanosomosis, Stained Blood smear, Haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT), Card agglutination test (CATT), Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

The present study was done in order to demonstrate the histological, histochemical as well as surface architecture of the posterior intestine of grass carp. The epithelium of posterior intestine was constituted of enterocytes (simple columnar epithelium), goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and lymphocytes. The enterocytes were characterized by numerous large vesicles, which may represent pinocytotic activity to some nutrients. The goblet cells gave positive reaction to both PAS and Alcian blue, in addition to presence of metachromatic substances by toluidine blue. The lamina propria-sub mucosa was consisted of loose connective tissue with abundant collagen and elastic fibers.

Assiut university Staff Researches Capsaicin pretreatment attenuates LPS-induced hypothermia through TRPV1- independent mechanisms in chicken Nikami, H., Mahmoud, M.E., Shimizu, Y., Shiina, T., Hirayama, H, Iwami, M., a, Dosoky, R.M, Ahmed, M.M., Takewaki, T. Abstract: It has been demonstrated that chicken TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid of subtype-1) is insensitive to capsaicin (CAP), and therefore, a chicken model is suitable to analyze the CAP-sensitive TRPV1-independent pathway. We elucidated here the possible involvement of the pathway in hypothermia induced by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) in chickens. Chicks were pretreated with CAP (10 mg/kg, iv) at 1, 2 and 3 days of age to desensitize them towards the CAPsensitive pathway. An intravenous injection of LPS in 4-day-old chicks caused progressive hypothermia, ending with collapse and 78% mortality within 12 h after injection. The CAP pretreatment rescued the LPS-induced endotoxin shock and hypothermia in chicks. LPS-induced iNOS expression as well as NO production in liver and lung was suppressed by CAP pretreatment. CAP pretreatment also attenuated hypothermia due to exposure of chicks to cold ambient temperature. These findings suggest that a CAP-sensitive TRPV1-independent pathway may be involved in pathophysiological hypothermic reactions through the mediation of NO in chickens Published In: Life Sciences , Vol. 82, No. 23-24 , PP. 1191-1195 Powered by