The purpose of this study is to describe the histological, histochemical and ultrastructural features of pancreas of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), one of the common herbivorous freshwater fish of Egypt. The pancreas is divided into exocrine and endocrine portions. Exocrine pancreatic tissues consists of scattered serous acini, and is observed in two forms: 1) disseminated in the spleen tissue, in mesentery around intestine and intestinal bulb, and 2) intrahepatically, around the branches of the portal vein. Two alveolar cell types are present in pancreatic acini; centroacinar cells and typical pyramidal acinar cells. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are demonstrated in the perivascular and the periacinar space of the pancreas. The pancreatic acini gave positive reaction to PAS, Best's carmine, and osmium tetraoxide, and negative to alcian blue. The acini also show high lipase and alkaline phosphatase activity, and moderate activity for acid phosphatase. Scanning electron microscopy show apical microvilli of the acinar cells, and branched PSC extend their processes between the pancreatic cells. Ultrastructure of pancreatic acini reveals well-developed rER, membrane-bound zymogen granules, and abundant lipid droplets. The duct system is composed of intralobular duct, interlobular pancreatic duct and main duct opened in the intestinal bulb. The endocrine parts of the pancreas are organized as lightly staining Langerhan’s islets between exocrine acinar cells found in the liver, in mesenteries around the intestinal bulb and the intestine, and consisted of three cell types. Alpha cells were the most dominant cells, and were ovoid in shape. Beta cells were polyhedral in shape, and they grouped in small clusters. Delta cells were small fusiform, argyrophilic cells. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the exocrine portion of the pancreas of the grass carp had two forms, disseminated and intrahepatic, with characteristic cellular and histochemical components, and an endocrine portion that consisted of Alpha, Beta and Delta cells.

The morphometrical and morphological features of the infundibulum and ampulla of the uterine tubes of adult cattle were studied. The materials used in this study were consisted of 12 pairs of uterine tube of healthy cows at age of 16–36 months, collected from Assiut slaughterhouses. Through observations of the ovaries, follicular and luteal phases of estrous cycle of each cattle were specified. Semithin sections of ampulla and infundibulum at follicular and luteal phases were made and histochemical analysis of the ampulla by use of PAS, Alcian Blue, Sudan Black B was also done. In addition, acid phosphatase activity of the ampullar epithelium was demonstrated. Histological analysis of the epithelium of bovine oviduct revealed that it was consisted of non-ciliated secretory cells, two populations of ciliated cells (CC), basal cells and Peg cells. At the luteal phase, the secretory cells possessed many cytoplasmic protrusions that extended beyond the luminal borders of the ciliated cells and exocytosis of secretory materials was observed. While at the follicular phase, the ciliated cells were predominated. The histochemistry of the ampullar epithelium revealed increase in secretions of neutral, acidic mucopolysaccarides and lipid from the secretory cells at the luteal phase with moderate acid phosphatase activity. Histomorphometric examinations of infundibulum and ampulla indicated that the mean number and height of primary folds as well as the thickness of the epithelium were increased significantly at the follicular phase.

This study is carried out to investigate the effects of doubled sublethal concentration of lead acetate on some selected organs of tilapia. 30 Fish were randomly chosen and divided into 3 groups. The first one served as control, the second and third groups were exposed for 3 weeks to 0.4 and 0.7 mg lead acetate/ liter of water respectively. The results of this work clearly indicate that lead has adverse effects on the gills, ovaries, liver and hepatopancreas of tilapia. The severity of lesions caused by lead acetate was positively correlated with the concentration. The gill damage includes hyperplasia of epithelial cells of gill filaments and severe hemorrhage in gill lamellae. Also, lead induces significant atresia in ovaries. The liver showed vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and dilatation in hepatic sinusoids. The hepatopancreas showed loss of contact between hepatocytes and pancreaocytes and appearance of apoptotic nuclei.

This study is carried out to investigate the effects of doubled sublethal concentration of lead acetate on some selected organs of tilapia. 30 Fish were randomly chosen and divided into 3 groups. The first one served as control, the second and third groups were exposed for 3 weeks to 0.4 and 0.7 mg lead acetate/ liter of water respectively. The results of this work clearly indicate that lead has adverse effects on the gills, ovaries, liver and hepatopancreas of tilapia. The severity of lesions caused by lead acetate was positively correlated with the concentration. The gill damage includes hyperplasia of epithelial cells of gill filaments and severe hemorrhage in gill lamellae. Also, lead induces significant atresia in ovaries. The liver showed vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and dilatation in hepatic sinusoids. The hepatopancreas showed loss of contact between hepatocytes and pancreaocytes and appearance of apoptotic nuclei.

A three years old female, non pregnant buffalo weighted about 280 Kg was admitted to the clinic of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt suffering from anorexia and recurrent tympany. The animal was treated previously by nerve tonics, stomachics and rumen stimulant drugs without clinical improvement. the animal was subjected to clinical , radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations. Clinical examination of the animal showed normal parameters. The radiographic examination displayed normal appearance of the cranial abdomen and thorax except the presence of some blunt radiodense objects (small pieces of rock). The cardiac silhouette and its major vessels appeared clearly on the radiograph and was within normal geometry. The right side of the animal was examined sonographically as the left side. A large circumscribed anaechoic swelling with echogenic wall and distal acoustic enhancement was detected at the 6th intercostals space by applying the 3.5 MHz transducer parallel the ribs and the level of the elbow. Laparo-rumenotomy revealed a large circumscribed fluctuating swelling was detected at the cranio-ventral aspect of the pre-reticular tissue. It was detected from the right reticular wall. It could be concluded that conclude that the combinations of clinical, radiographical and ultrasonographical examinations of the animal provide an important information for the veterinarians to reach the accurate final diagnosis.