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Objective: To study the possible beneficial effect of estrogen (17β-estradiol E2) on hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and liver dysfunctions in STZ-induced diabetic rats. A total of 40 albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (I), a diabetic group (II), a group given 17β estradiol (E2) for 15 days (III), and a diabetic group given E2 for 30 days (IV). Diabetes was induced in the rats by 65 mg/kg streptozosin (STZ) via an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. E2 was given in a dose of 500ug/kg/day by oral gavage. Results: E2 administration significantly lowered plasma glucose levels, increased plasma insulin levels, and improved glucose tolerance of groups III and IV. In addition, E2 enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and reduced lipid peroxidation in the hepatic tissues (as compared to diabetic rats). E2 caused significant decrease of plasmatic phosphatase alkaline (PAL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate and lactate transaminases (AST and ALT) activities of group III and IV compared to group II. Moreover, E2 restored the histological structure of the liver and pancreas of treated groups and increased the insulin receptors expression in the liver of groups III and IV compared to diabetic rats. Notably, these beneficial effects of E2 on diabetic rats were more prominent in group IV compared to those of group III. Conclusion: E2 has a beneficial effect on hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and ameliorates the liver dysfunction in diabetic rats and these effects may be mediated through stimulating β-cell proliferation in pancreas and increased the insulin receptor expression in the liver tissues.

Objective: To study the possible beneficial effect of estrogen (17β-estradiol E2) on hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and liver dysfunctions in STZ-induced diabetic rats. A total of 40 albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (I), a diabetic group (II), a group given 17β estradiol (E2) for 15 days (III), and a diabetic group given E2 for 30 days (IV). Diabetes was induced in the rats by 65 mg/kg streptozosin (STZ) via an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. E2 was given in a dose of 500ug/kg/day by oral gavage. Results: E2 administration significantly lowered plasma glucose levels, increased plasma insulin levels, and improved glucose tolerance of groups III and IV. In addition, E2 enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and reduced lipid peroxidation in the hepatic tissues (as compared to diabetic rats). E2 caused significant decrease of plasmatic phosphatase alkaline (PAL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate and lactate transaminases (AST and ALT) activities of group III and IV compared to group II. Moreover, E2 restored the histological structure of the liver and pancreas of treated groups and increased the insulin receptors expression in the liver of groups III and IV compared to diabetic rats. Notably, these beneficial effects of E2 on diabetic rats were more prominent in group IV compared to those of group III. Conclusion: E2 has a beneficial effect on hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and ameliorates the liver dysfunction in diabetic rats and these effects may be mediated through stimulating β-cell proliferation in pancreas and increased the insulin receptor expression in the liver tissues.

The present study aimed to evaluate cardio-protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on lead induced cardio toxicity. Forty five albino adult rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control lead (Pb) group that received lead acetate (20 mg/kg/day) 3 times weekly for 8 weeks and PB + NSO group (rats pretreated with Nigella sativa oil (4 ml/kg) orally for 1 h before administration of lead acetate (given as in Pb group). Myocardial injury was assessed by laboratory and pathological studies, and heart rate was recorded in all animals. Lead intake resulted in significant increases in cardiac high-sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP), interlukin-6 (IL-6), E-selectin, troponin I, malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The cardiac apelin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) levels significantly decreased in Pb group compared to the control. Currently, heart rate and ST segment increased significantly after lead intake. Heart lesions as a result of lead treatment were in the form of hemorrhage, myocardial necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis. Immuno histochemical results of the heart revealed positive cyclooxyenase-2 (Cox-2) expressions in Pb-treated group. NSO administration produced significant normalization of the physiological parameters as well as restored the histological structure and decreased the COX-2 expression of the heart compared to Pb group. In conclusion, NSO intake has cardio protective potential through its ability to decrease pro inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and cardiac tissue damage in lead-induced cardio toxicity. Key words: Nigella sativa oil, lead acetate, cardio toxicity, inflammation.The present study aimed to evaluate cardio-protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on lead induced cardio toxicity. Forty five albino adult rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control lead (Pb) group that received lead acetate (20 mg/kg/day) 3 times weekly for 8 weeks and PB + NSO group (rats pretreated with Nigella sativa oil (4 ml/kg) orally for 1 h before administration of lead acetate (given as in Pb group). Myocardial injury was assessed by laboratory and pathological studies, and heart rate was recorded in all animals. Lead intake resulted in significant increases in cardiac high-sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP), interlukin-6 (IL-6), E-selectin, troponin I, malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The cardiac apelin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) levels significantly decreased in Pb group compared to the control. Currently, heart rate and ST segment increased significantly after lead intake. Heart lesions as a result of lead treatment were in the form of hemorrhage, myocardial necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis. Immuno histochemical results of the heart revealed positive cyclooxyenase-2 (Cox-2) expressions in Pb-treated group. NSO administration produced significant normalization of the physiological parameters as well as restored the histological structure and decreased the COX-2 expression of the heart compared to Pb group. In conclusion, NSO intake has cardio protective potential through its ability to decrease pro inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and cardiac tissue damage in lead-induced cardio toxicity. Key words: Nigella sativa oil, lead acetate, cardio toxicity, inflammation.

The present study aimed to evaluate cardio-protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on lead induced cardio toxicity. Forty five albino adult rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control lead (Pb) group that received lead acetate (20 mg/kg/day) 3 times weekly for 8 weeks and PB + NSO group (rats pretreated with Nigella sativa oil (4 ml/kg) orally for 1 h before administration of lead acetate (given as in Pb group). Myocardial injury was assessed by laboratory and pathological studies, and heart rate was recorded in all animals. Lead intake resulted in significant increases in cardiac high-sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP), interlukin-6 (IL-6), E-selectin, troponin I, malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The cardiac apelin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) levels significantly decreased in Pb group compared to the control. Currently, heart rate and ST segment increased significantly after lead intake. Heart lesions as a result of lead treatment were in the form of hemorrhage, myocardial necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis. Immuno histochemical results of the heart revealed positive cyclooxyenase-2 (Cox-2) expressions in Pb-treated group. NSO administration produced significant normalization of the physiological parameters as well as restored the histological structure and decreased the COX-2 expression of the heart compared to Pb group. In conclusion, NSO intake has cardio protective potential through its ability to decrease pro inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and cardiac tissue damage in lead-induced cardio toxicity. Key words: Nigella sativa oil, lead acetate, cardio toxicity, inflammation.The present study aimed to evaluate cardio-protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on lead induced cardio toxicity. Forty five albino adult rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control lead (Pb) group that received lead acetate (20 mg/kg/day) 3 times weekly for 8 weeks and PB + NSO group (rats pretreated with Nigella sativa oil (4 ml/kg) orally for 1 h before administration of lead acetate (given as in Pb group). Myocardial injury was assessed by laboratory and pathological studies, and heart rate was recorded in all animals. Lead intake resulted in significant increases in cardiac high-sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP), interlukin-6 (IL-6), E-selectin, troponin I, malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The cardiac apelin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) levels significantly decreased in Pb group compared to the control. Currently, heart rate and ST segment increased significantly after lead intake. Heart lesions as a result of lead treatment were in the form of hemorrhage, myocardial necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis. Immuno histochemical results of the heart revealed positive cyclooxyenase-2 (Cox-2) expressions in Pb-treated group. NSO administration produced significant normalization of the physiological parameters as well as restored the histological structure and decreased the COX-2 expression of the heart compared to Pb group. In conclusion, NSO intake has cardio protective potential through its ability to decrease pro inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and cardiac tissue damage in lead-induced cardio toxicity. Key words: Nigella sativa oil, lead acetate, cardio toxicity, inflammation.

The comparative effect of raw red chili and red chili treated by gamma irradiation or microwave pasteurization with or without 5-fluorouracil on experimentally induced colon cancer in rats was investigated. Dimethylhydrazine was used to induce colon cancer which is histologically similar to and comparable with human neoplasm. Histopathological examination of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats demonstrated epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia as well as preneoplastic changes of the rat colon expressed by loss of polarity of the nuclei and abnormal mitosis. The preneoplastic changes were developed to adenocarcinoma in 80% of cases. The liver showed different pathological pictures that included dysplastic changes, preneoplastic foci, and oval cell proliferation. We observed that red chili with or without 5-fluorouracil inhibited colon adenocarcinoma. The gamma red chili either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was the best groups. The gamma irradiated red chili alone decreased epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia and preneoplastic changes in colon and dysplastic changes, oval cell proliferation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia in the liver. The gamma irradiated red chili with 5-fluorouracil inhibited the preneoplastic changes in colon. It was concluded that the sanitization of red chili by gamma irradiation either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was more beneficial from the human health point of view than that by microwave.The comparative effect of raw red chili and red chili treated by gamma irradiation or microwave pasteurization with or without 5-fluorouracil on experimentally induced colon cancer in rats was investigated. Dimethylhydrazine was used to induce colon cancer which is histologically similar to and comparable with human neoplasm. Histopathological examination of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats demonstrated epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia as well as preneoplastic changes of the rat colon expressed by loss of polarity of the nuclei and abnormal mitosis. The preneoplastic changes were developed to adenocarcinoma in 80% of cases. The liver showed different pathological pictures that included dysplastic changes, preneoplastic foci, and oval cell proliferation. We observed that red chili with or without 5-fluorouracil inhibited colon adenocarcinoma. The gamma red chili either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was the best groups. The gamma irradiated red chili alone decreased epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia and preneoplastic changes in colon and dysplastic changes, oval cell proliferation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia in the liver. The gamma irradiated red chili with 5-fluorouracil inhibited the preneoplastic changes in colon. It was concluded that the sanitization of red chili by gamma irradiation either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was more beneficial from the human health point of view than that by microwave.

The comparative effect of raw red chili and red chili treated by gamma irradiation or microwave pasteurization with or without 5-fluorouracil on experimentally induced colon cancer in rats was investigated. Dimethylhydrazine was used to induce colon cancer which is histologically similar to and comparable with human neoplasm. Histopathological examination of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats demonstrated epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia as well as preneoplastic changes of the rat colon expressed by loss of polarity of the nuclei and abnormal mitosis. The preneoplastic changes were developed to adenocarcinoma in 80% of cases. The liver showed different pathological pictures that included dysplastic changes, preneoplastic foci, and oval cell proliferation. We observed that red chili with or without 5-fluorouracil inhibited colon adenocarcinoma. The gamma red chili either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was the best groups. The gamma irradiated red chili alone decreased epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia and preneoplastic changes in colon and dysplastic changes, oval cell proliferation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia in the liver. The gamma irradiated red chili with 5-fluorouracil inhibited the preneoplastic changes in colon. It was concluded that the sanitization of red chili by gamma irradiation either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was more beneficial from the human health point of view than that by microwave.The comparative effect of raw red chili and red chili treated by gamma irradiation or microwave pasteurization with or without 5-fluorouracil on experimentally induced colon cancer in rats was investigated. Dimethylhydrazine was used to induce colon cancer which is histologically similar to and comparable with human neoplasm. Histopathological examination of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats demonstrated epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia as well as preneoplastic changes of the rat colon expressed by loss of polarity of the nuclei and abnormal mitosis. The preneoplastic changes were developed to adenocarcinoma in 80% of cases. The liver showed different pathological pictures that included dysplastic changes, preneoplastic foci, and oval cell proliferation. We observed that red chili with or without 5-fluorouracil inhibited colon adenocarcinoma. The gamma red chili either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was the best groups. The gamma irradiated red chili alone decreased epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia and preneoplastic changes in colon and dysplastic changes, oval cell proliferation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia in the liver. The gamma irradiated red chili with 5-fluorouracil inhibited the preneoplastic changes in colon. It was concluded that the sanitization of red chili by gamma irradiation either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was more beneficial from the human health point of view than that by microwave.

The comparative effect of raw red chili and red chili treated by gamma irradiation or microwave pasteurization with or without 5-fluorouracil on experimentally induced colon cancer in rats was investigated. Dimethylhydrazine was used to induce colon cancer which is histologically similar to and comparable with human neoplasm. Histopathological examination of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats demonstrated epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia as well as preneoplastic changes of the rat colon expressed by loss of polarity of the nuclei and abnormal mitosis. The preneoplastic changes were developed to adenocarcinoma in 80% of cases. The liver showed different pathological pictures that included dysplastic changes, preneoplastic foci, and oval cell proliferation. We observed that red chili with or without 5-fluorouracil inhibited colon adenocarcinoma. The gamma red chili either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was the best groups. The gamma irradiated red chili alone decreased epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia and preneoplastic changes in colon and dysplastic changes, oval cell proliferation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia in the liver. The gamma irradiated red chili with 5-fluorouracil inhibited the preneoplastic changes in colon. It was concluded that the sanitization of red chili by gamma irradiation either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was more beneficial from the human health point of view than that by microwave.The comparative effect of raw red chili and red chili treated by gamma irradiation or microwave pasteurization with or without 5-fluorouracil on experimentally induced colon cancer in rats was investigated. Dimethylhydrazine was used to induce colon cancer which is histologically similar to and comparable with human neoplasm. Histopathological examination of dimethylhydrazine-treated rats demonstrated epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia as well as preneoplastic changes of the rat colon expressed by loss of polarity of the nuclei and abnormal mitosis. The preneoplastic changes were developed to adenocarcinoma in 80% of cases. The liver showed different pathological pictures that included dysplastic changes, preneoplastic foci, and oval cell proliferation. We observed that red chili with or without 5-fluorouracil inhibited colon adenocarcinoma. The gamma red chili either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was the best groups. The gamma irradiated red chili alone decreased epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia and preneoplastic changes in colon and dysplastic changes, oval cell proliferation, and Kupffer cell hyperplasia in the liver. The gamma irradiated red chili with 5-fluorouracil inhibited the preneoplastic changes in colon. It was concluded that the sanitization of red chili by gamma irradiation either alone or with 5-fluorouracil was more beneficial from the human health point of view than that by microwave.

Unilateral orchidectomy (UO) is required when further breeding potential is important. It is sometimes necessary to remove a single testis in a matured stallion for therapeutic reasons. In this study, twelve donkeys were used to evaluate three techniques of unilateral castration, histological and morphological changes on the remaining testis. Results of the study showed that each of the surgical techniques used had its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with the other two techniques. Therefore the selection among the three techniques depends on the surgeon preferences and the environment in which the unilateral orchidectomy is performed. The volume of the remaining testis recorded at the end of the study was significantly greater than that estimated at the start of the study (p 0.05). The percentage of sperm motility obtained from the remaining testis was significantly decreased (p 0.05). Histological examination of the testis in open surgery (group I) (where the scrotum was left opened) revealed severe hemorrhages, edema and fibrosis. The test is showed degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules and interstitial orchitis. Histological examination of the testes removed using a closed technique, (in groups II and III) where the scrotum wound was sutured, revealed hyperplasia of spermatogenic series and Leydig cells. In conclusion, unilateral orchidectomy had compensatory effects on the weight and volume of remaining testis. Adverse effects on sperm motility and viability can affect the fertility of the animal.