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The present study held to investigate the relationship between azurophilic granules in the peripheral blood leukocytes and bovine theileriosis. A total number of 100 adult cattle of different sexes were subjected to this study. Whole blood, blood and lymph smears were collected from each animal under study. Theileria annulata was confirmed by both conventional and molecular methods. The obtained results revealed that the percentages of interaerythrocytic stage (Signet Ring), azurophilic granules and Koch’s blue bodies in the samples of the examined cattle were 28%, 42% and 39%, respectively. Evaluation of the reliability of azurophilic granules occurrence in peripheral blood leukocytes as novel method for diagnosis of tropical theileriosis revealed that the occurrence of these granules should be considered as an easy, inexpensive and rapid method for diagnosis of bovine theileriosis.

Theileria annulata infection is a tick-borne disease known as Egyptian fever since 1947. It is a destructive obstacle for the livestock production in the Egyptian Oases (EL-Wady EL-Geded Province). The present study was conducted on 1068 cattle, ranged from below one year to more than eight years old; belonged to different farms and villages in EL-Wady EL-Geded Province. The infection was confirmed by blood smears, Tams-1 target based polymerase chain reaction (Tams-1 PCR), 18Ss rRNA polymerase chain reaction and semi nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, in addition to tick identification. Molecular techniques confirmed the infection in 63.6% (679/1068) of the examined animals while Giemsastained blood smears confirmed it in 36.8% (393/1062). Male and female animals showed molecular confirmed infection rates of 64.5 and 62.7%, respectively. Animals less than one year old were more infected (83.33%, 400/480) followed by animals less than three years (57.31%, 149/260) and animals less than five years (42.45%, 90/212), respectively. On the other hand, animal of five years old or above were less infected and the infection rate in this group was estimated to be 34.48% (40/116). Two tick species were identified during the present study: Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus annulatus. Theileria annulata was the only Theileria species found in the Egyptian oases in respect to phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences.

Theileria annulata infection is a tick-borne disease known as Egyptian fever since 1947. It is a destructive obstacle for the livestock production in the Egyptian Oases (EL-Wady EL-Geded Province). The present study was conducted on 1068 cattle, ranged from below one year to more than eight years old; belonged to different farms and villages in EL-Wady EL-Geded Province. The infection was confirmed by blood smears, Tams-1 target based polymerase chain reaction (Tams-1 PCR), 18Ss rRNA polymerase chain reaction and semi nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, in addition to tick identification. Molecular techniques confirmed the infection in 63.6% (679/1068) of the examined animals while Giemsastained blood smears confirmed it in 36.8% (393/1062). Male and female animals showed molecular confirmed infection rates of 64.5 and 62.7%, respectively. Animals less than one year old were more infected (83.33%, 400/480) followed by animals less than three years (57.31%, 149/260) and animals less than five years (42.45%, 90/212), respectively. On the other hand, animal of five years old or above were less infected and the infection rate in this group was estimated to be 34.48% (40/116). Two tick species were identified during the present study: Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus annulatus. Theileria annulata was the only Theileria species found in the Egyptian oases in respect to phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences.

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