Infectious blood diseases are the most detrimental to the health of buffaloes and camels, and they represent the main obstacle to productivity. In Qena Governorate, there is little information about infectious blood diseases, despite their financial losses. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to study the current situation of infectious blood diseases among buffaloes and camels in Qena Governorate. Animals used in this study were obtained from the cities of Nag Hammadi and Farshut in Qena Governorate of Egypt. Whole blood and serum samples were collected for laboratory investigation using Giemsa-stained blood smears and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The clinical findings accompanied by infectious blood diseases in examined animals were fully discussed. Two (2.25%) and 9 (10.11%) of 89 examined buffaloes were positive for merozoites of Babesia spp. and piroplasm of Theileria spp., respectively, while 1 (1.10%) of 91 investigated camels was positive for Trypanosoma evansi by using Giemsa-stained blood smears.  Anaplasma spp. antibodies were detected in 62 (69.66%) of 89 examined buffaloes, and 1 (1.10%) of 91 studied camels was serologically positive for Theileria spp. antigen. The study thoroughly covered some risk factors associated with infectious blood diseases in examined animals, including age, sex, type of animal breeding, seasonal variation, and locality. To reduce the occurrence of infectious blood diseases, it is advised to emphasize the need for implementing efficient prevention and control methods throughout Egypt.