Bovine theileriosis, caused by T. annulata, results in high morbidity and mortality rates, as well as severe financial losses for the livestock industry in Egypt. In this study, fifty cattle were utilized. Whole blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Giemsa-stained blood films were employed to detect Theileria infection. PCR was used to evaluate various target genes, like 30-kDa and Cyto B of T. annulata. Nine (18%) samples tested positive for piroplasm of Theileria by microscopic examination of blood film. Twenty-one (42%) of the analyzed samples tested molecularly positive based on the 30-kDa gene (N516/N517), while 10 (20%) samples were positive based on the Cyto B gene. In our study, we carried out DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of T. annulata using the Cyto B gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the Cyto B gene of the Egyptian strain of T. annulata (Assiut) revealed a nucleotide identity ranging from 96.16% to 98.92% with T. annulata strains from various Egyptian governorates (Sharkia and Qalyubia), as well as from Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Iran, and India. The obtained isolates were closely clustered with an isolate from Sudan (accession number LC431533). We identified thirty-point changes at the amino acid sequences. There was substantial variance (P<0.05 and P<0.01) between age and sex of tested cattle, respectively, and percentages of T. annulata infection. The data obtained from our study on the characterization of the Cyto B gene of T. annulata in Assiut Governorate suggest that the Cyto B gene may be used as a genetic marker to identify resistant isolates of T. annulata.

A dangerous zoonotic bacterial infection that has a significant financial impact on the sheep industry is Chlamydophila spp. This investigation's aims were to determine the prevalence of Chlamydophila spp infection, study particular risk indicators, and assess the antioxidant status and biochemical changes of infected sheep. One hundred sheep were used in this study. Whole blood and serum samples were collected for laboratory analysis. ELISA and PCR had been employed for Chlamydophila spp diagnosis. The observed clinical findings of Chlamydophila spp infection in sheep were abortion, infertility, respiratory signs, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and nervous manifestations. The seroprevalence of Chlamydophila spp infection was 2.20% (2/91) using ELISA. Of the studied sheep, 89 (89%) and 76 (76%) of 100 whole blood samples showed molecularly positive results for Chlamydophila spp, 16S rRNA and OMP2 genes, respectively. The infection rate of Chlamydophila spp had no significant variation by age and sex of infected sheep, but prevalence of Chlamydophila spp infection was significantly higher in autumn and winter, on farms, and in clinically diseased sheep. The concentration of TAC in the serum of Chlamydophila spp-infected sheep was significantly higher compared to healthy animals. The mean concentration of total protein, albumin, and GGT in Chlamydophila spp-infected sheep did not differ significantly from clinically healthy ones. It is essential to highlight the importance of efficient preventative and control measures throughout Egypt to reduce the prevalence of Chlamydophila spp infection in sheep.

This study evaluated the effects of different feed additives on growth performance and heat stress mitigation in
broiler chickens. Three hundred 1-d-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five treatments, each
treatment contained six replicates (10 birds/replicate). Treatment 1 (-Control) was fed a basal diet (BD) under
thermo-neutral conditions between d 1 and 42 of age. Treatment 2 (+Control) also fed the BD under thermoneutral conditions from d 1 to 28 of age, followed by exposure to cyclic heat stress (HS; 36◦C between 0900
and 1700 h, then to 24◦C between 1700 and 0900 h daily) during the fifth week. During the fifth week,
Treatments 3, 4, and 5 underwent the same HS regime and fed the same BD containing 15g/kg of thyme oil (TO),
cinnamon oil (CO), and pomegranate oil (PO) from d 1 to 42, respectively. Compared to the thermoneutral
control, HS control exhibited lower ADFI, higher FCR, increased mortality rate, altered plasma biochemicals, and
reduced anti-oxidant capacity. Broilers supplemented with PO showed a 14.4 % increase in final BW and a 25.8
% in ADG during recovery period. FCR was improved by 16.9 %, and mortality dropped to 6 % compared to 10 %
in the HS control, suggesting reduced losses under heat stress. TO and CO treatments also showed beneficial
effects compared to the HS control group. The supplemented feed additives decreased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde content, while increasing plasma glutathione peroxidase activity and total
antioxidant capacity relative to the HS control. TO, CO, and PO treatments exhibited higher plasma superoxide
dismutase activity compared to the HS control. All supplemented treatments showed lower H/L ratio compared
to HS control (P < 0.05). The PO and TO treatments exhibited an increased jejunal villus/crypt ratio relative to
the control groups. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with PO, TO, and CO can alleviate heat stress
effects, improve growth performance, and potentially boost profitability for poultry farmers, with PO providing
the most significant benefits in both thermoneutral and heat stress conditions.