Eighteen Rahmani lambs (initial body weight 30±1.3 kg and 5-6 months old) were used to determine the effect of different dietary fat sources on the performance, digestion coefficient of nutrients, ruminal parameters and carcass traits in a three months experiment. The animals were allotted into three groups, 6 animals per each. The animals of the first group were fed the control diet (without fat supplementation), while the animals of the second and third groups were fed diets containing 4% dried fat and 4% tallow, respectively. All experimental diets were formulated to provide the recommended levels of digestible energy (3.0 Mcal/kg diet) and crude protein (14.71 %) according to NRC publication (1985) for sheep. There were a significant (P0.05) differences in the average daily gain, daily feed intake (g/head/day), and feed conversion between the different experimental groups. Lambs fed ration contained 4% dried fat recorded the highest value in daily gain and the best feed conversion. The digestion coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and ether extract as well as the nutritive value (DCP and TDN) were significantly (P0.05) higher for ration containing 4% dried fat followed by ration containing 4% tallow compared to the control one. Ruminal pH values were significantly higher (P0.05) in lambs fed diet with 4% dried fat. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acids concentrations were significantly (P0.05) decreased with supplementation of fat compared to the control one. Dressing percentages were increased significantly (P0.05) by feeding supplemental fat compared to the control group. It could be concluded that, lambs fed diet with 4% dried fat recorded the best performance and the highest digestibility and carcass traits.

The biochemical changes associating Trypanosoma evansi infection in pregnant and non-pregnant camels were investigated. Based on pregnancy diagnosis and serological findings, camels were classified into four groups as non-pregnant healthy camels (N=6), non-pregnant camels infected with T. evansi (N=6), pregnant healthy camels (N=6), and pregnant camels infected with Trypanosoma evansi (N=8). The results revealed significant decreases (p0.05) in serum total proteins, albumin and globulins levels, and significant increases (p0.05) in serum total cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in pregnant camels infected with T. evansi compared with healthy pregnant camel. On the other hand, there were hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia in healthy pregnant camel compared with non-pregnant camel. It could be concluded that the biochemical changes associating T. evansi infection in pregnant camels are hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypoglobulinemia and increased serum total cholesterol and BUN levels.

The biochemical changes associating Trypanosoma evansi infection in pregnant and non-pregnant camels were investigated. Based on pregnancy diagnosis and serological findings, camels were classified into four groups as non-pregnant healthy camels (N=6), non-pregnant camels infected with T. evansi (N=6), pregnant healthy camels (N=6), and pregnant camels infected with Trypanosoma evansi (N=8). The results revealed significant decreases (p0.05) in serum total proteins, albumin and globulins levels, and significant increases (p0.05) in serum total cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in pregnant camels infected with T. evansi compared with healthy pregnant camel. On the other hand, there were hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia in healthy pregnant camel compared with non-pregnant camel. It could be concluded that the biochemical changes associating T. evansi infection in pregnant camels are hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypoglobulinemia and increased serum total cholesterol and BUN levels.

The biochemical changes associating Trypanosoma evansi infection in pregnant and non-pregnant camels were investigated. Based on pregnancy diagnosis and serological findings, camels were classified into four groups as non-pregnant healthy camels (N=6), non-pregnant camels infected with T. evansi (N=6), pregnant healthy camels (N=6), and pregnant camels infected with Trypanosoma evansi (N=8). The results revealed significant decreases (p0.05) in serum total proteins, albumin and globulins levels, and significant increases (p0.05) in serum total cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in pregnant camels infected with T. evansi compared with healthy pregnant camel. On the other hand, there were hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia in healthy pregnant camel compared with non-pregnant camel. It could be concluded that the biochemical changes associating T. evansi infection in pregnant camels are hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypoglobulinemia and increased serum total cholesterol and BUN levels.

Status of serum vitamin C, β-carotene and α- tocopherol concentrations was evaluated in 17 camels suffering from pneumonia. The grossly affected lungs were collected for histopathological examination from camels at slaughterhouses, and serum samples were processed for measuring β-carotene (micrograms per decilitre), vitamin C (milligrams per decilitre) and α-tocopherol (micrograms per decilitre) levels. Based on histopathological examinations, camels under investigation were classified as acute bronchopneumonia (N=3), chronic bronchopneumonia (N=4), chronic pleuropneumonia (N=3), interstitial pneumonia (N=3), embolic pneumonia (N=3) and control group (N=4). The results revealed significant decreases in serum vitamin C and α-tocopherol concentrations in all investigated types of pneumonia. However, serum β-carotene showed insignificant changes. Results of the present study clearly demonstrated the importance of supplementing camels suffering from pneumonia with sources of vitamins along with the conventional systemic treatment to overcome the oxidative stress and to avoid the possible complications of α-tocopherol and vitamin C deficiencies.

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral ureteral ligation on blood constituents, renal histopathology and ultrasonography in dogs. A total number of 25 apparently healthy adult mongrel dogs belong to Assiut city, Egypt were subjected to study. Animals were divided into 5 equal groups; the left ureter was ligated for 2, 7, 14 and 21 days in group I, II, III and IV, respectively. Group V represented the control group. The animals of the groups I-IV were euthanized on days 2, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. Right and left uretronephrectomies were performed and specimens were taken for the histopathological examination. Results revealed significant increases in total leucocytes and neutrophils counts from day 2-17. There were significant decreases (p0.01) in total RBCs count and PCV% at day 14. Creatinine level was significantly increased on days 7 and 17. Histopathological changes were varied from glomerular swelling and congestion to glomerular atrophy.

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral ureteral ligation on blood constituents, renal histopathology and ultrasonography in dogs. A total number of 25 apparently healthy adult mongrel dogs belong to Assiut city, Egypt were subjected to study. Animals were divided into 5 equal groups; the left ureter was ligated for 2, 7, 14 and 21 days in group I, II, III and IV, respectively. Group V represented the control group. The animals of the groups I-IV were euthanized on days 2, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. Right and left uretronephrectomies were performed and specimens were taken for the histopathological examination. Results revealed significant increases in total leucocytes and neutrophils counts from day 2-17. There were significant decreases (p0.01) in total RBCs count and PCV% at day 14. Creatinine level was significantly increased on days 7 and 17. Histopathological changes were varied from glomerular swelling and congestion to glomerular atrophy.

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral ureteral ligation on blood constituents, renal histopathology and ultrasonography in dogs. A total number of 25 apparently healthy adult mongrel dogs belong to Assiut city, Egypt were subjected to study. Animals were divided into 5 equal groups; the left ureter was ligated for 2, 7, 14 and 21 days in group I, II, III and IV, respectively. Group V represented the control group. The animals of the groups I-IV were euthanized on days 2, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. Right and left uretronephrectomies were performed and specimens were taken for the histopathological examination. Results revealed significant increases in total leucocytes and neutrophils counts from day 2-17. There were significant decreases (p0.01) in total RBCs count and PCV% at day 14. Creatinine level was significantly increased on days 7 and 17. Histopathological changes were varied from glomerular swelling and congestion to glomerular atrophy.

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral ureteral ligation on blood constituents, renal histopathology and ultrasonography in dogs. A total number of 25 apparently healthy adult mongrel dogs belong to Assiut city, Egypt were subjected to study. Animals were divided into 5 equal groups; the left ureter was ligated for 2, 7, 14 and 21 days in group I, II, III and IV, respectively. Group V represented the control group. The animals of the groups I-IV were euthanized on days 2, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. Right and left uretronephrectomies were performed and specimens were taken for the histopathological examination. Results revealed significant increases in total leucocytes and neutrophils counts from day 2-17. There were significant decreases (p0.01) in total RBCs count and PCV% at day 14. Creatinine level was significantly increased on days 7 and 17. Histopathological changes were varied from glomerular swelling and congestion to glomerular atrophy.

The goal of the current paper is to explore the role of liver biopsy as a tool in detection of hepatic oxidative stress, with brief notes on different types of free radicals, antioxidants, hepatic and blood oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. Hepatic oxidative stress was investigated for many years in human and animals, but most of the studies performed in animalswere concerned with studying oxidative status in the liver tissues after slaughtering or euthanasia. However, in human medicine, a large number of studies were implemented to investigate the status of antioxidants in liver biopsy specimens. Similar studies are required in animals, as the changes in hepatic antioxidants and formation of lipid peroxide give a good idea about the condition of the liver. On the other hand, hepatic disease may present without significant effect on blood oxidative status, and, consequently, the best way to detect the status of hepatic oxidants and antioxidants is through measuring in liver biopsy. Measuring antioxidants status directly in the liver tissues gives an accurate estimation about the condition of the liver, permits the diagnosis of hepatic dysfunction, and helps to determine the degree of deterioration in the hepatic cells.