Aim: A survey was undertaken to analyze the congenital anomalies in ruminants recorded at in the veterinary college teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 cases (21 atresia ani, 11 atresia recti, 5 atresia ani et recti, 11 Urethral dilatation, 2 contracted tendon, 1 hypospadias, 1 supernumerary limb, 3 dermoid cyst, 1 cyclopia, 2 persistent urachus) of congenital malformations were evaluated. Results: A total of 56 congenital malformation cases were operated. Conclusion: The development of these congenital malformations, their effect on the animal life and the different surgical interventions were discussed.

A buffalo bull was presented to the college hospital with the complaint of the presence of a huge swelling. The animal had been infected with edematous skin disease for three months. The abscess was diagnosed as the presence of large swelling, exploratory puncture, radiographically and by ultrasongraphy. This huge abscess was removed by surgical excision under the effect of sedation and local analgesia. No postoperative complications were observed during a four-month follow up period. The abscess was successfully removed by surgical excision, which resulted in better aesthesis and an increase in the marketability of the animal.

Abstract A ten-yearold female buffalo was presented to the clinic with presence of an opening on left cheek secreting clear viscous fluid. The condition was diagnosed as salivary fistula. There are many techniques for treatment of salivary fistula but with bad prognosis .Here, we described a successful surgical technique using a polyethylene tube as a stent for treatment of salivary fistula with good results.

Abstract A case of a cattle calf was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Assiut, Egypt with the complaint of the presence of an extra limb. The accessory limb was underdeveloped and present at the perineal region, lateral to the vulva. After clinical and radiographic examination, the congenital anomaly was diagnosed as supernumerary ectopic limb (SEL). The SEL was removed successfully by surgical excision under local analgesia. No complications were observed during a period of five months follow up postoperatively. The SEL can be successfully removed by surgical excision, which result in normal locomotion and increase the marketability of the animal.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential to differentiate into various lineages, replacing cells during normal turnover and tissue regeneration to replace damaged or lost adult tissues during osteoporosis and arthritis, or traumatic injuries. We investigated the osteogenic signature in mouse adipose tissue (AD)- and bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCs from adipose tissue and bone marrow were compared for osteogenic endogenous mRNA markers by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cellular proliferation and immunophenotype analyzed by flow cytometry revealed that mouse AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs shared similar characteristics. RESULT: Isolated AD-MSC and BM-MSC showed high proliferation rates and fibroblast morphology. Flow cytometry revealed positive markers for mesenchyme, but negative for primitive hematopoietic and endothelial cells. At day 21, Alizarin red S and Von-kossa staining of differentiated cells showed high calcium deposits compared with undifferentiated cells. After 21 days of osteogenic differentiation, AD-MSCs expressed osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) compared with undifferentiated cells. Osteogenic-specific transcript of osteocalcin (OC), bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein, and PTH receptor (PTHr) were detected only in differentiated not undifferentiated cells. Undifferentiated BM-MSCs, expressed all markers at low intensity, which amplified during differentiation. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the OC and PTHr can be used as differentiation markers for osteogenesis of mouse AD-MSC.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The increasing market in biological pharmaceuticals raises the demand for human test systems. Although 2-dimensional (2D) models are mostly used for these purposes, these models not mimic responses of 3-dimensional (3D) native tissue. METHODS: After generation of a rat liver scaffold using 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, we characterized the histology, blood vessel integrity, and residual DNA as well as retained amounts of collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Then, we examined the susceptibility of extracellular matrix (ECM) to enzymatic remodeling. Finally, a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was performed to evaluate the in vitro immunogenicity of the ECM against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS: Histologic examination of decellularized liver revealed the removal of nuclear and cytoplasmic materials with preservation of architecture. The vascular network was intact after decellularization. Biochemical analysis of ECM components revealed that only a negligible amount of DNA was retained compared with the native liver with preservation of large amounts of GAG and collagen. Scaffolds were degraded in response to collagenase treatment. MLR demonstrated that decellularized matrices did not exert any xenostimulatory response against human PBMCs. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that naturally derived rat liver scaffolds show natural biocompatibility besides the ability to preserve the intact 3D structure and components. Because of these characteristics, the whole decellularized rat liver can retain many aspects of native tissue structure and function upon recellularization enabling it to be used for drug screening.

Abstract PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of sterilization with peracetic acid (PAA) and ethanol on the biological activity of porcine liver scaffolds and to develop a new technique for sterilization using slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW). METHODS: Decellularization of liver slices was performed using 0.1% sodium-dodecyl-sulfate, then evaluated by histological and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Decellularized slices were treated with either PAA or ethanol or SAEW, and then DNA content was quantified. We determined sterilization efficiency by culturing scaffolds in culture medium and on blood agar. We next analyzed the glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents of the scaffolds. Finally, we tested the cytotoxicity of the scaffolds as well as the effects of sterilization on host cell attachment and proliferation. RESULTS: Complete cell and antigenic epitopes removal emphasized the decellularization efficiency. PAA and SAEW treatments achieved the highest efficiency of sterilization compared to that of the ethanol treated scaffolds, and were able to remove a considerable fraction of DNA from decellularized livers. The retained glycosaminoglycan content decreased in all treatments in the following order: SAEW, ethanol, and PAA. Ethanol caused a significant loss in collagen content compared to the other groups. A cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that all scaffolds were nontoxic. SAEW-treated scaffolds supported cell attachment and proliferation at a significantly higher rate than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that SAEW is highly efficient for sterilizing scaffolds and allowed the scaffolds to retain their bioactivity in addition to its high efficiency for cell remnant removal.