Introduction. Although there has been a growing concern over the possible damaging effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve, this issue remains uncertain. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to test the hypothesis that salpingectomy may compromise ovarian reserve. Material and methods. A detailed search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Dynamed Plus, ScienceDirect, TRIP database and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to November 2016. All cohort, cross-sectional and randomized controlled studies investigating changes in circulating anti-M€ullerian hormone (AMH) after salpingectomy were considered. Thirty-seven studies were identified, of which eight were eligible. Data were extracted and entered into REVMAN software for calculation of the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI. Two groups of studies were analyzed separately: group 1 (six studies, n = 464) comparing data before and after salpingectomy and group 2 (two studies) comparing data in women who have undergone salpingectomy (n = 169) vs. healthy controls (n = 154). Results. Pooled results of group 1 studies showed no statistically significant change in serum AMH concentration after salpingectomy (WMD,
0.10 ng/mL; 95% CI
0.19 to 0.00, I2 = 0%). Similarly, meta-analysis of group 2 showed no statistically significant difference in serum AMH concentration between salpingectomy group and controls (WMD,
0.11 ng/ mL; 95% CI
0.37 to 0.14, I2 = 77%). Subgroup analyses based on laterality of surgery, type of AMH kit and participants’ age (40 years) still showed no statistically significant changes in circulating AMH. Conclusion. Salpingectomy does not seem to compromise ovarian reserve in the short-term. However, the long-term effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve remains uncertain. Abbreviations: AFC, antral follicle count; AMH, anti-M€ullerian hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; IVF, in vitro fertilization; RCT, randomized controlled trial; WMD, weighted mean difference.