Various isolates of S. mansoni, originally showed marked diminished susceptibility to PZQ, were used in this work. These isolates were taken from patients not cured after two or three doses of the drug. They were passed in experimental mice and treated with sub-curative doses of PZQ to determine the effect of drug pressure on the offspring of these isolates. Upon treatment of the second generation of these isolates with curative doses of PZQ, they showed significant less response to the drug in terms of both the drug efficacy (percent of worm reduction), and the ED50 (the effective dose that kills 50% of worms). Also, stability test was performed on some S. mansoni isolates. This means repeated treatment of unsusceptible isolates that have been passed for several passages in the lab. and results compared to that of a control susceptible isolate (originally taken from a patient cured after a single dose of PZQ). The results showed that repeated passage of S. mansoni isolates in the lab. does not render them more susceptible to PZQ. Indeed, these resistant isolates showed less susceptibility to the drug than before, or at least they retain their original level of insusceptibility to PZQ

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A series of identical twin esters 3a-e of metronidazole was synthesized and evaluated as potential prodrugs with improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The synthesis of the twin esters 3a-e was achieved by interaction of metronidazole with the respective dicarboxylic acid anhydride or their dichloride. Their structures were verified by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. The lipophilicity of metronidazole and the prodrugs 3a-e, expressed as Rmvalues, were determined using reversed-phase TLC and revealed

A series of identical twin esters 3a-e of metronidazole was synthesized and evaluated as potential prodrugs with improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The synthesis of the twin esters 3a-e was achieved by interaction of metronidazole with the respective dicarboxylic acid anhydride or their dichloride. Their structures were verified by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. The lipophilicity of metronidazole and the prodrugs 3a-e, expressed as Rmvalues, were determined using reversed-phase TLC and revealed

A series of identical twin esters 3a-e of metronidazole was synthesized and evaluated as potential prodrugs with improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The synthesis of the twin esters 3a-e was achieved by interaction of metronidazole with the respective dicarboxylic acid anhydride or their dichloride. Their structures were verified by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. The lipophilicity of metronidazole and the prodrugs 3a-e, expressed as Rmvalues, were determined using reversed-phase TLC and revealed

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