, a view to evaluate the fracture energy of concrete and to study the fracture and localization process, it is described herein this study an experimental investigation. Fracture energy for the early ages of concrete is estimated experimentally considering the weather of Kingdome of Saudi Arabia. Several experiment specimens of different ages, sizes, lengths and end head specimens are prepared and assessed. The specimens in early age are tested out to calculate the fracture energy of concrete using a direct tension test, taking into consideration the loss of energy due to the frictional process in the mechanism of experimental set up. Also the crack localization is considered during the experiment, as dealing with the localized fracture. In this experiment work, the measurements reach to the post peak softening branch of concrete using the direct tension.

ركز هذا البحث على مصادر الضوضاء داخل الوحدة السكنية نظرا لسهولة السيطرة على أغلبها دون الحاجة الى وسائل فنية معقدة أو مكلفة. ومن خلال البحث قيست مستويات الضوضاء التى تصدرها معظم الأجهزة المنزلية والتى ينتج عنها إزعاجاً واضحاً داخل الفراغ وقد تم تجاهل الأجهزة الكهربية التى وجد أن تأثيرها ضعيف، وتم قياس هذه الضوضاء عند الترددات المختلفة. كما تم قياس تأثير عناصر الفرش الموجودة فى الفراغات السكنية من ستائر وسجاد على مستوى الضوضاء داخل الفراغ. ومن خلال هذه القياسات حددت المصادر الأكثر إزعاجا كما حددت خصائص الضوضاء التى تنتج عنها. وإقترح البحث عددا من الحلول لتخفيض تأثير ضوضاء هذه المصادر على مستخدمى الوحدة السكنية معتمدا على النتائج التى توصل إليها البحث مع مراعاة ملائمة هذه المقترحات للواقع المحلى فى المدن المصرية من الناحية الإقتصادية أو التقنية أو الجمالية.

In this paper autonomous and nonautonomous modified hyperchaotic complex L¨ usystemsare proposed. Our systems have been generated by using state feedback and complex periodic forcing. The basic properties of these systems are studied. Parameters range for hyperchaotic attractors to exist are calculated. These systems have very rich dynamics in a wide range of parameters. The analytical results are tested numerically and excellent agreement is found. A circuit diagram is designed for one of these hyperchaotic complex systems and simulated using Matlab/Simulink to verify the hyperchaotic behavior.

In this paper autonomous and nonautonomous modified hyperchaotic complex L¨ usystemsare proposed. Our systems have been generated by using state feedback and complex periodic forcing. The basic properties of these systems are studied. Parameters range for hyperchaotic attractors to exist are calculated. These systems have very rich dynamics in a wide range of parameters. The analytical results are tested numerically and excellent agreement is found. A circuit diagram is designed for one of these hyperchaotic complex systems and simulated using Matlab/Simulink to verify the hyperchaotic behavior.

We study rheotaxis of bull sperm inside microchannels to characterize the effects of flow and wall shape on sperm swimming behavior. We found that large percentage, 80 to 84%, of sperm cells exhibited positive rheotaxis (sperm cells swimming against the flow) within flow velocities of 33 to 134 µm/s. Sperm cells were also found to reverse their swimming direction when liquid flow direction was reversed. Time taken by sperm cells to reverse their swimming direction was inversely proportional to flow velocity. Sperm behavior was significantly affected by sperm position with respect to channel wall. Sperm cells close to channel wall moved upstream faster than sperm cells moving along channel centerline. Shear stress, which is an indicator of velocity distribution, was found to play an important role in regulating rheotactic behavior of sperm cells. Side pockets were added to some microchannels to mimic storage sites in mucosal folds and pockets in the fallopian tube of female reproductive system and sperm interaction with these pockets was monitored. We found that sperm cells tend to follow channel walls and enter these pockets without any chemical binding, which further confirms the wall tracking behavior of mammalian sperm cells. Our results confirm that sperm rheotaxis is a strong mechanism for guiding sperm cells to the oocyte along the female genital tracts.

Content-based image retrieval systems have become a reliable tool for many image database applications. There are several advantages of the image retrieval techniques compared to other simple retrieval approaches such as text-based retrieval techniques. This paper proposes an image retrieval technique that can be used for retrieving color images. In this paper, we propose two variations of an image abstraction technique based on signature bit strings and an appropriate similarity metric. The technique provides a compact representation of an image based on its color content and yields better retrieval effectiveness than classical techniques based on the images' global color histograms (GCHs). The proposed technique has many applications. These applications are described in details in this paper.

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for 3D surface reconstruction of the hu- man jaw. Due to the difficulties of setting up a data acquisition system inside the mouth, we use an intra-oral camera to capture a sequence of calibrated images. These images are registered together to build a panoramic view of the jaw. We incorporate a shape from shading(SFS) algorithm that benefits from camera calibration parameters to build a 3D model from the panoramic image obtained from the previous stage. Our approach results in a 3D surface which has more fine details compared with those resulting from other lit- erature techniques. We will demonstrate different artificial jaws surfaces reconstruction to show the efficiency of our system