In the present study, the effect of modulation of autophagy induced by anthocyanin on cell death of Human T lymphoma cells (Jurkat) was studied. Anthocyanin was abstracted from dry petals of Hibiscus sabdariffa, aquous solution of anthocyanin was added to cells at different concentrations then cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion method. Autophagy induced by anthocyanin was inhibited by 5 mM NH4CL which halts lysosomal enzymes and accordingly preventing autolysosomes formation. On the other hand, Autophagy was enhanced by glucose starvation. In both experiments of autophagy inhibition and enhancement, cell viability was studied to investigate the effect of autophagy modulation on cell viability. The results of this work revealed that both inhibition and enhancement of autophagy induced by anthocyanin lead to massive cell death. Immuno-detection of active caspase 3, one of the major hallmark of apoptotic cell death revealed remarkable increase of active caspse3 upon autophagy inhibition or enhancement. In conclusion, modulation of autophagy induced by anthocyanin lead to increasing of apoptotic cell death.

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In the apiary of Assiut University, the oriental hornets, Vespa orientalis L., were trapped and collecting every three days by using modified wooden traps to know their fluctuation and population during their active season. Also, detect the differences on the morphology, ultra-structure, and behavior between the different casts (queen, daughter worker and male) of V. orientalis. In the present study, the fluctuation showed that hornet population began with a slight increase number during September which comprised about (12.3%). In October, a big jump occurred (52.5 %) in their number. By the first week of November, the number started to decrease (26.7%) and then disappeared at the second fortnight of November. Antenna plays an important and vital role during host finding and acceptance behavior in insect life. Like many insects, oriental hornet Vespa orientalis L., use antennal chemo-receptors to detect the hosts during its active seasons. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies showed five types of sensilla (Chaetica, trichoidea, basiconica, placodea and coeloconica) were distributed on the antenna of the three different casts of the hornet. These function of sensillae possibly as chemo-, and tactile receptors, responding to movements of the antennae.

In the apiary of Assiut University, the oriental hornets, Vespa orientalis L., were trapped and collecting every three days by using modified wooden traps to know their fluctuation and population during their active season. Also, detect the differences on the morphology, ultra-structure, and behavior between the different casts (queen, daughter worker and male) of V. orientalis. In the present study, the fluctuation showed that hornet population began with a slight increase number during September which comprised about (12.3%). In October, a big jump occurred (52.5 %) in their number. By the first week of November, the number started to decrease (26.7%) and then disappeared at the second fortnight of November. Antenna plays an important and vital role during host finding and acceptance behavior in insect life. Like many insects, oriental hornet Vespa orientalis L., use antennal chemo-receptors to detect the hosts during its active seasons. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies showed five types of sensilla (Chaetica, trichoidea, basiconica, placodea and coeloconica) were distributed on the antenna of the three different casts of the hornet. These function of sensillae possibly as chemo-, and tactile receptors, responding to movements of the antennae.