A novel method is proposed for highly accurate, fast and numerically stable computation of the higher order Quaternion Polar Complex Exponential Transform (QPCET) moments for color images in polar Coordinates. A novel mathematical formula is derived and used to avoid numerical instabilities at higher orders. The proposed method removes the approximation errors involved in conventional methods and provides high image reconstruction capabilities. The proposed method results in a highly accurate rotation invariance. Numerical experiments are performed where the obtained results are compared with those of the recent existing methods.

Immobilization of HQ and PHQ on the surface of alumina, Al2O3, ( referred to it by AlO ) as an application for cation exchange of Al(III) in solution, used them for extraction of some heavy metal ions from their solutions and calculate the capacity of them. Immobilization of HQ or PHQ on Al2O3 was carried out and used for extraction of some metal ions as Fe(III), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) from its solution. Spectra of substrate (AlO-HQ, AlO-PHQ or AlO-Cu) at universal buffer solution (pH 7.2 ± 0.1) was recorded, solution of metal ion was added, after contact time, filtrate, and dissolve the solid precipitate in pure ethanol, a peak at 305 nm was observed corresponding to HQ-Al(III). Addition of Cu(II) ion solution to AlO-HQ, a peak at 380 nm was appeared corresponding to HQ-Cu(II), the peak at 305 nm decreased until disappeared . The capacity of AlO-HQ was 100 mmol/g. While, addition of Fe(III) ion solution, new two peaks were appeared at 580 and 455 nm corresponding to formation of HQ-Fe(III) coordinated complex. The capacity of AlO-HQ for Fe(III) ion was 100 mmol/g. In addition of Ni(II) and Co(II) , the capacity of AlO-HQ for extraction of Ni(II) and Co(II) are 62.5 and 150 mmol/g, respectively. In the same conditions, and by the same way, Uv-visible absorption spectra of some metal ions extracted by AlO-PHQ and calculate the capacity of these metals as: [Cu(II): 500, Fe(III): 500, Ni(II): 75 and Co(II): 250 mmol/g ]. As an application, extraction of Ni(II) from real solution sample (Nickel nut) by AlO-PHQ was observed.

ABSTRACT: Cathodic stripping differential pulse voltammetric (CSDPV) procedure was successfully used for the determination of poly(8-roxyquinoline) (PHQ) matrix. The linearity range for the determination of PHQ in the presence (1 mmolL-1) of copper (Cu(II) ion was found to be more sensitive ten times of magnitude higher than the determination of PHQ alone. The lower detection limit was found to be as low as 10 nmolL-1. While, in the case for the determination of Cu(II) ion as a PHQ–Cu(II) chelate, the linearity range is (0 – 4 μmolL-1). The determination of PHQ chain and/or Cu(II) ion was successfully applied in the presence of variety of anions, cations and in an insulating poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The PVP matrix enhanced the absorbability at the mercury electrode surface which caused increased in the peak high of the chelated Cu(II)

The insertion of Al(III) cation into a poly(8- Hydroxyquinoline) (PHQ) instead of some metal ions such as Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) or Fe(III) ions via cation-exchange mechanism has been studied by several techniques. The presence of Al(III) and the absence of Co(II) cations has been proved by elemental analysis of the polymer chelates product. Molecular mechanics (MM?) calculations showed that the potential energy (PE, kJ mol-1) of the optimum molecular geometric structure (OMG) of the PHQ–Al(III) matrix is about seventy-six (76.185) greater than the PE of the PHQ–Co(II) complex. The TGA thermograms show that the PHQ–Al(III) matrix is thermally unstable than the PHQ–Co(II) complex under the same conditions. These observations indicate that the PHQ–Al(III) is expanded coil-like form. So, the thermal decomposition of PHQ–Al(III) complex is easy than the compacted coil-likes form of PHQ–Co(II) complex. The incorporation of Al(III) ion via cation-exchange properties have been investigated by spectrophotometric technique. The decrease of the absorbance at about *370 nm of PHQ–Co(II) complex associated with increasing concentration of Al(III) revealed the replacement of that metal ion by Al(III) into PHQ chain. The cation-exchange constant(Kex) of the divalent ions [Ni(II), Co(II), Cr(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Mg(II) and Cu(II)] from PHQ–M(II) by the additions of Al(III) according to the following series: Ni(II)[Co(II)[Cr(II)[Cu(II)[Zn(II)[Mn(II)[Mg(II).

Incorporation of various metal ions into a poly(8-hydroxyquinoline) (PHQ)matrix via a complexation mechanism to form the corresponding coordination polymers was investigated experimentally and computationally. TGA, DTG, MS, and elemental analysis measurements show that the polymeric chelates of copper(II) ion with the PHQ matrix have a hydrophilic nature about two-times stronger than the salt (i.e., copper acetate monohydrate). The results of DSC, TGA, and DTG suggest that the PHQ-Cu(II) matrix is more thermally stable than the copper acetate complex. A first-order derivative treatment of the UV-visible absorption spectra of the matrixes under investigation is sensitive to at least 1.5-times that of the normal (zero-order derivative) spectra. Analysis of the absorbance vs. mole fraction data for metal ions such as Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Fe(III), which are coordinated to the PHQ matrix, afforded information about the equilibria that prevailed in solution. The largest stability constant (log b) corresponds to a stiochiometric ratio of 2PHQ:1Mn+. The results are supported by elemental analysis, TGA, DTG, and mass spectroscopic measurements, and are consistent with molecular mechanics (MM+) calculations. A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Cu(II) ion in solution by coordination with the PHQ matrix is proposed. The method has been applied successfully to the determination of Cu(II) ion in Heamoton capsule samples (mg/g). The proposed method is in excellent agreement with the determination of Cu(II) ion by atomic absorption spectrometry.

The electrochemical activity of poly(8-hydroxyquinoline(PHQ) in acid and alkaline media has been investigated by use of differential pulse polarography(DPP). The reduction peak height (Ip) of PHQ in universal buffer solutions is not useful as an analytical signal, because it is highly affected by hydrogen evolution in acid media and appears as a small peak located at more negative potential values in alkaline media. A new and highly sensitive reduction peak (Ep=–0.45, pH 9.25) appears, however, after addition of trace amounts of PHQ to Cu(II), or vice versa. This reduction peak is a result of the reduction of Cu(II) chelates in the PHQ–Cu(II) complex and is highly promising for the trace determination of PHQ at nanomolar and submicromolar levels. The response current (Ip/μA) for the reduction peak of Cu(II) chelates in a PHQ–Cu(II) matrix results in sensitivity to the concentration of PHQ at least three orders of magnitude higher than that for the reduction peak of PHQ alone under the same conditions. The limit of detection is as low as 5.264 ppb (μg L–1). The effect of a variety of anions and cations and of an insulating poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)matrix has been investigated. Electroactive PHQ–Cu(II) at a level of 0.685% could induce a current of approximately 240 nA in an insulating PVA matrix, suggesting possible application for the preparation of a PHQ–Cu(II)– PVA electroactive composite.

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The aim of this study was to produce single-cell protein by using two yeast strains, KKUY-0084 and KKUY- 0157, from spoiled date fruits. Based on the sequence of the variable D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA of these strains, their identity was Hanseniaspora uvarum and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, respectively. The two strains were assessed for their single-cell protein productivity in vitro and in a bioreactor. Both yeasts were able to utilise the juice of spoiled dates in a concentration gradient up to 25 %; however, 20 % juice was the best concentration for production of the maximum amounts of dry biomass by H. uvarum KKUY-0084 and Z. rouxii KKUY-0157 (23.5 and 20.71 g/l, respectively) at 60 h. Biomass productivity reached a maximum when the yeasts were incubated at 25 °C and pH 5.0–6.0. Addition of Mn (0.3 g/l) or Mg (0.5 g/l) had a stimulative effect on biomass production. Addition of 0.6 g/l of Mn resulted in the production of maximum dry biomass by H. uvarum KKUY-0084, while 0.4 g/l of the same metal was more appropriate for Z. rouxii KKUY- 0157. Tryptone (8 g/l) as a nitrogen source increased the yield of the biomass to 34.25 and 30.75 g/l by H. uvarum KKUY- 0084 and Z. rouxiiKKUY-0157, respectively. In a 7-l fermentor, the highest production (48.9 g/l) of the two strains was achieved after 60 h.

Seeking new yeast strains having the ability to protect apple fruits against blue mould for a long time under different storage conditions was the main goal of this work. Based on the in vitro test, yeast strains KKUY0017 and KKUY0051 were selected as the most effective antagonists against Penicillium expansum. Sequencing of 26S rDNA of both yeasts confirmed that the identity of KKUY0017 and KKUY0051 was Cryptococcus albidus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, respectively. The two strains protected the apple fruits from the blue mould disease under a wide range of temperature (5–30°C); however, W. anomalus KKUY0051 was more effective. At 25°C, W. anomalus KKUY0051 involved in the reduction of disease severity and disease incidence of blue mould by 56.49% and 57.78%, respectively. When either of the two yeasts was applied in concentration of 108 or 109 cells/mL, the maximum reduction in disease severity and disease incidence was achieved. Under cold storage (5°C), both yeast strains succeeded to protect the apple fruits free from the infection up to 24 days. Electron micrograph showed a fit attachment between the cells of C. albidus KKUY0017 and the fungal hyphae leading to the degrading of the hyphae; however, W. anomalus killed the fungal hyphae without direct attachment to them. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the cell-free extract of W. anomalus KKUY0051 revealed the presence of toxic compounds such as the nitrophenol derivatives. The results support the assumption that the main mode of action of this yeast is by killer toxins. We conclude that application of these yeasts under cold storage condition could keep the apple fruits free from blue mould infection for a long time.

The goal of this study was to characterize diversity of fungal biota in soil, roots and green leaves of onion plant. Seventy- nine fungal species belonging to 32 genera were isolated from soil (29 genera and 72 species), rhizosphere (25 and 52), rhizoplane (24 and 38), phyllosphere (17 and 41) and phylloplane (17 and 35) on PDA medium at 19º and 28ºC. The number of fungal genera and species in soil was higher than those on roots and leaves, while those on the surface of roots (rhizosphere) or leaves (phyllosphere) were higher than those adhering to roots (rhizoplane) or leaves (phylloplane). Aspergillus (A. niger and A. terreus), followed by Penicillium (P. funiculosum and P. chrysogenum), Rhizopus (R. stolonifer) and Fusarium (F. oxysporum) were the most common fungi. A new record species is reported for the first time to Egypt namely, Zopfiella latipes (from phylloplane of onion).