Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the pathological type of oral cancer. Chemotherapy has become increasingly effective in OSCC therapy. Of these agents, Doxorubicin (Dox) is the most efficient cytotoxic agent but is prevented by cardiac toxicity. Several experimental results demonstrated the use of a combination of low-toxic secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, to reduce the required dose of cytotoxic agents in cancer treatment.

Objective: The study aims to analyze the influence of Dox alone and its combination with pyrogallol (PG), a phenolic extract on the tongue SCC-25-cell, and to evaluate possible apoptotic pathways in the SCC-25 cells. 

Methods: Image morphometric analysis for the estimation of nuclear area factor (NAF) and Evaluation of caspase-3 fold change by Real-Time PCR.

Results: The data recorded showed a significant decrease in the mean values of NAF of SCC-25 cells treated with different concentrations of Dox and its combination with PG. While, the combination revealed the least in the mean values of NAF when compared to control cells. Also, the combination induced apoptosis by simultaneous up-regulation of caspase-3.

 Conclusions: The combined use of Dox and PG may increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce negative side effects.

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent oral cancers, despite rapid improvement in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted gene therapy used in conjunction with mainstay surgery, the OSCC prognosis remains low. Previous studies have demonstrated anti-proliferative activity of polyphenols in cancer cells, Pyrogallol (PG) one of natural polyphenols, with cytotoxicity and apoptogenic effects on neoplastic and transformed cells, but not in normal cells.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of PG on tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC-25 cells and evaluate possible apoptotic pathways on SCC-25 cells. Methods: Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Mode of cell death was determined using Image morphometric analysis and Estimation of caspase-3 by Real Time PCR.

Results: MTT results showed that SCC-25 cells were sensitive to PG with an IC50 value of 19.17 ug/ml. Image morphometric analysis showed a decrease in the mean values of Nuclear Area Factor (NAF) of SCC-25 cells treated with Different concentrations of PG when compared to control cells. In addition, PG induced apoptosis by simultaneous up-regulation of capase-3.

Conclusions: Different concentrations of PG have a cytotoxic effect on SCC-25 cells. PG was also found to be an effective anti-carcinogenic agent with less toxicity.

ABSTRACT

Ameloblastoma is the most frequent odontogenic tumor and is considered a benign, but locally invasive neoplasm with variable clinico-pathological expression. Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan that binds cells to the extracellular matrix and is expressed in various types of ameloblastoma. The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare syndecan-1 expression within the various types of ameloblastomas and to find a correlation between this expression and the biological behavior of variants. Immunohistochemical studies were performed for syndecan-1 in 30 ameloblastomas. Follicular ameloblastoma showed the statistically significantly highest mean area percent (32.10%). This was followed by plexiform ameloblastoma which showed lower mean area percentage value (22.02%). Ameloplastic carcinoma showed the statistically significantly lowest mean area percent (11.59%). The present results suggested the down regulation of syndecan-1 expression indicated decreased cell adhesion and higher cell proliferation.

Abstract

Background: This in vitro study aims to compare rotary fles (Fanta and Zuanba) with manual K fles according to the amount of dentin removed and canal transportation in primary mandibular second molars by CBCT images.

Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 60 extracted human second primary molars. That were divided into three groups according to root canal preparation group "I" instrumented with manual K-fles, group "II" instrumented with rotary Fanta fles, and group "III" instrumented with rotary Zuanba fles. After root canal preparation, teeth were scanned before and after mechanical preparation with CBCT scanner. Then the amount of dentin removed was determined at three levels, including the coronal, middle and apical levels. Data were statically analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Result: No statistically signifcant diference in the amount of dentin removed were noted between the manual and the rotary groups at the coronal and apical RC levels (P=0.420) and (P=0.819) respectively but signifcant diference was noted at the middle third (P=0.043). Regarding RC transportation, no signifcant diference was noted among the three groups with the exception of the apical RC level (P=0.043).

Conclusion: Although no signifcant diferences were noted between rotary and manual fles, the rotary fles showed better performance.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Nanofilled glass ionomer cementemerged as a new generation of dental materials, which mineralizes gradually into fluorapatite to improve the compressive strength and wear resistanceof class II restorations in primary molars. The purpose of this study wasto evaluate clinically the effectiveness of glass carbomer cement with surface coatas class II restorations in primary molars in comparison to both of Ketac N 100 glass ionomer cement with surface coat and conventional glass ionomer cement with surface coat (Equia Fill).

Materials and methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial includeda sample of 117 children were selected with an age range of 4-7 years, having class II carious primary molars scoring 3, 4 or 5 (ICDAS II).They were randomly equally allocated into three groups according to the restorative material used. Group I (test): teeth were restored with glass carbomer cement, Group II( test):teeth wererestored with Ketac N 100 glass ionomer cement and Group III (control):teeth wererestored with (Equia Fill). Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline, 6 and 12 months.

Results: Nano filled GICs( Ketac N & glass carbomer cement) showed significant higherretention rate and durabilitythan Equiafill GIC at three examination times (baseline, 6 and 12 months)P<0.0001.Regarding theeffect of the restorations on periodontal health there were statistically significant difference between the three study groups at baseline and 6 months P<0.0001. No statistically significant differenceswere found between three study groups at 12 months P =0.02.

Conclusion: Nanofilled GICs were more effective in restoring class II cavities in primary molars as well ashaving better consequential effect on the periodontal health compared to the conventional GICs.

ABSTRACT

Aim: To evaluate the microleakage of the glass carbomer cement with and without protective surface coat in primary molars and to compare it to conventional glass ionomer cement.

Materials and Methods: Forty sound primary molars were included in the study. They were divided into two groups (n=20) according to the restorative material tested. Group A (experimental group): Teeth were restored using glass carbomer cement, and group B (control group): Teeth were restored using conventional glass ionomer cement. Then each group was further subdivided into two sub-groups according to the presence of surface coat. After teeth restoration, they were immersed in methylene blue solution for 24 hours then they were sectioned longitudinally into two equal halves and tested for microleakage.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the microleakage scores of glass carbomer cement with surface coat (sub-group A1) and without protective surface coat (sub-group A2) in favor of sub-group A1. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the microleakage scores of conventional glass ionomer cement with surface coat (sub-group B1) and without protective surface coat (sub-group B2). By comparing the 4 sub-groups, sub-group A1 showed the lowest microleakage score, while sub-group A2 showed the highest score with statistically significant difference.

Conclusion: Surface coat when added to the glass carbomer cement yields less microleakage than the unsealed glass carbomer and conventional GIC.

ABSTRACT

Aim: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first to appear in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Being highly contagious, it started to spread rapidly throughout the entire world causing fear and anxiety among all nations with a very high mortality rate. Dentists are considered at an extremely substantial risk to be infected among all health care workers because they are working in close contact with their patients and also because of being regularly exposed to the aerosols, droplets and saliva splashing out of the patients’ mouth.

Subjects and Methods: This study was based on a questionnaire to assess the knowledge of the graduating dental students about the signs and symptoms of (COVID-19) infection and also to evaluate their awareness about the precautions and infection control measures required during the dental treatment to keep them safe and control the spread of the disease. A well-constructed and validated questionnaire was formed and its link was sent to dental students in all year grades at different universities in Upper Egypt. The data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).

Results: Result showed significant valued regarding that the dental students have a good understanding of COVID-19 and the precautions.

Conclusion: As a result, it was concluded that the dental students have a good understanding of COVID-19 and the precautions that must be taken to provide adequate dental treatment for patients during the pandemic.