Heat stress (HS) greatly impacts broiler performance via impaired intestinal barrier function and physiological homeostasis disruption. Mint leaf powder (MP) holds bundle of bioactive components linked to health benefits like essential oils (menthol and menthone) and polyphenolic (rosmarinic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol), promoting medicinal attributes besides antioxidant potentiality. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of dietary supplementation with 18 g MP/kg to ameliorate HS-induced intestinal permeability in broilers. A total of 80 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chickens were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design with four treatments: in thermoneutral conditions (25 °C), with 0 or 18 g/kg MP (LMP0, LMP1) and in HS conditions (35 °C), with 0 or 18 g/kg MP (HMP0, HMP1). Experimental periods were from 15 to 42 days (d) of age. Overall, HS reduced final body weight (12–14 %), average daily feed intake and average daily gain compared to broilers in thermoneutral conditions (P < 0.01). Dietary supplementation with 18 g MP/kg diet reduced physiological HS metabolic responses, reducing breathing frequency over the HS period, leg temperature, and cloacal temperature of HS birds (P < 0.01) during days (d) 29–35. Molecular analysis showed HS induced a decrease in tight junction proteins, including Claudin-5, ZO-1, and NFκB while also inducing an increase in the expression of heat shock proteins, HSP70 and HSP90 (P < 0.01). Furthermore, MP supplementation partially restored Claudin-5 and NFκB expression of HS birds which may demonstrate improvements in intestinal barrier integrity among HS broilers. In addition, MP modulated the expression of thermosensitive TRPM8 channels and hypothalamic neuropeptides that play key roles in appetite regulation, including AGRP and GLP-1. HS elevated plasma cortisol (P < 0.01), but MP reduced it back to baseline (P < 0.01). Collectively, these results highlight that dietary MP supplementation at 18 g/kg provided protective effects against HS induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by preservation tight junction protein expression, modulation of thermosensory pathways, and reduction in stress responses and suggests the potential use of MP as natural feed additives in managing HS in broiler production.

Out of the 100 chemicals analyzed, 16 pesticides (7 insecticides, 2 fungicides, and 7 herbicides) from 10 chemical families were found in 55.2% of the surface water samples. Insecticides constituted the most frequently detected class of pesticides (45.3%) across all contaminated samples, a finding that was statistically significant. The organophosphate family was the predominant chemical class, present in 45.3% of the total contaminated surface water samples. Glyphosate was the specific pesticide detected most often (13.2%), and it also exhibited the highst mean concentration among all detected compounds (0.117 µg/L). Examination of the spatial distribution indicated that the River Nile samples had both the greatest cumulative pesticide concentration (0.299 µg/L) and the highest contamination frequency (56.3%). The temporal diversity revealed that the highest summation of mean concentrations was detected for six pesticides in spring (1.156µg/L). The highest total pesticide concentrations in summer (0.71 µg/L), autumn (0.33 µg/L), and spring (0.452 µg/L) were observed in River Nile samples; however, agricultural drainage samples recorded the maximum total concentration during winter (0.371 μg/L). Less than half of our total samples were over the limit established by European legislation (0.1µg/L). Regarding compliance with other regulatory limits, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, ethoprophos, lambda-cyhalothrin and metalaxyl should be regulated in water bodies in Assiut. A significant portion (68.8%) of the detected pesticides are categorized under the high hazard classification by the PAN (2021). This group includes compounds posing risks of acute human toxicity (27.3%), chronic human hazards (81.8%), and environmental toxicity (54.5%).

Onion, Allium cepa L. is an economically and nutritionally important vegetable crop. Onion is one of the principal export crops in Egypt to various overseas markets. In this work, onion samples were collected from different locations in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The occurrence of pesticide residues was analyzed by applying the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction method followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Pesticide residues as many as 11 pesticide residues were common to all, such as spinosad (Spinosyns), acetamiprid (Neonicotinoids), deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin (Pyrethroids), pendimethalin (Herbicide) and propamocarb, and fludioxonil (Fungicides). The most frequently found residue was pendimethalin, which was detected in samples from the Assiut, Abu Tig, and Manfalut regions, among others. Maximum residue levels (MRLs) were exceeded in several instances, most notably in multiple samples for pendimethalin (0.7 mg/kg), clethodim (0.7 mg/kg), and lambda-cyhalothrin (0.3 mg/kg) in El-Badari. In order to ensure food safety and compliance with international standards, the results emphasize the significance of strict monitoring, raise farmer awareness, and enhance pesticide management.

In Egypt, okra is a major and commercially significant vegetable crop.  However, its future consumption and safety face serious challenges due to the problem of pesticide residues. This problem stems from the indiscriminate and irresponsible use of pesticides by farmers, which puts food safety and consumer health at risk. Okra samples taken from important marketplaces and agricultural hubs in the Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt specifically, El-Badari, Sahel Selim, Manfalout, El Qusiya, Dairut, and Assiut City—were subjected to a precise quantitative evaluation of the residues of these compounds as part of the study's framework.  The researchers employed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) equipment for analysis, a very sensitive approach to guarantee the correctness of data and relied on the sophisticated QuEChERS process to prepare samples. The findings showed that seven distinct kinds of pesticide residues were present. Most significantly, the evaluation showed that none of these residues exceeded international guidelines for maximum permitted limits (MRLs) and that no negative health effects were linked to the residues found. Considering these results, the study suggests that a national program be established to monitor and analyze pesticide levels in okra to maintain food safety, especially in Upper Egypt. This program should be sustainable and effective.

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread and strongly toxic environmental pollutant. In this study, the interaction between Cd and essential nutritional metals, such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), was investigated in banana plants (Musa spp. cultivar Grand Nain), cultured in vitro, using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and physiological analysis. Plantlets were treated in vitro with Fe and Zn (200 and 500 mg/L) under 500 mg/L Cd exposure. The results showed that Cd toxicity increased Cd uptake and raised% of damage. However, Fe and Zn addition ameliorated the negative impact of Cd stress by reducing Cd and enhancing Fe, Zn, P, and K contents. The FT-IR analysis showed alterations within the bands correlated to the foremost macromolecules in plants under Cd stress and its interactions with Fe or Zn. The peaks of some functional groups at 3381.7 cm− 1 for carbohydrates, proteins, alcohols, and phenolic compounds 

In olive micropropagation, Copper (Cu) promotes metabolic activity at optimal levels but exerts toxic effects and induces stress and cellular damage when present at excessive concentrations. The present study examined in vitro olive (cv. Moraiolo) shoot cultures under varying Cu concentrations to evaluate the impact of Cu-induced stress on shoot growth and development, as well as the associated physiological and biochemical tolerance mechanisms. Olive shoots were cultured on OM medium (as a control) supplemented with 50, 100, 200, or 300 µM CuSO₄·5H₂O. Morphological and biochemical analyses showed that up to 50 µM Cu did not cause visible stress symptoms or impair growth, while higher concentrations (100–300 µM) significantly suppressed or inhibited vegetative growth, and caused a marked reduction in photosynthetic pigments. The contents of oxidative stress markers, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, increased with rising Cu concentrations, serving as reliable indicators of severe stress conditions. Non-enzymatic antioxidants, glutathione, ascorbic acid and proline, increased with higher Cu concentrations, playing a protective role against oxidative damage. These findings provide insight into the tolerance mechanisms of olive shoots under Cu stress, offering useful information for optimizing in vitro micropropagation and understanding Cu toxicity in plant tissue culture.

Pharmaceutical active compounds such as diclofenac (DCF) pose serious risks to aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the development of safe and inexpensive phytoremediation strategies is essential. This study assessed the effect of foliar-applied biological gibberellin (BG; 0, 50, 100, and 150 mg L⁻¹), produced by Fusarium proliferatum, on the remediation capacity of Atriplex lentiformis halophyte grown hydroponically under DCF contamination (0, 15, and 30 μg L⁻¹). A. lentiformis effectively removed DCF from the medium, while BG implementation further boosted the DCF removal efficiency, bioaccumulation, and translocation factors. The application of 150 mg L⁻¹ BG to 30 μg L⁻¹ DCF achieved up to 80 % DCF removal and the maximum accumulation of DCF by 154.8 % over the control. BG also promoted plant growth and photosynthetic pigments while mitigating DCF toxicity by enhancing non-enzymatic antioxidants (AsA, GSH, phenolics, and proline) and antioxidant enzymes (APX, GPX, PPO, GR, and PAL), and reducing stress biomarkers (MDA, H₂O₂, and electrolyte leakage). BG treatments modified protein patterns and induced new isozyme profiles, reflecting a strengthened antioxidant system. Overall, BG is a promising solution that serves as an eco-friendly biostimulant to enhance phytoremediation efficiency. Extending this approach to soil systems may provide a sustainable strategy for managing pharmaceutical pollution.