Abstract Talbina is a food product with high potential applications as a functional food. Talbina was prepared from two barley varieties namely: Giza126 and Giza130 by adding whole barley flour to water (1:10 w/v) and (1:5 w/v) for germinated barley then heating at 80° C for 5 minutes with continuous stirring until reaching a porridge like texture. The present investigation was carried out in an attempt to clearly the nutritional assessment of talbina as a functional food. The study included the determination of gross chemical composition, caloric value, mineral composition, vitamins composition and the amino acids composition. Meanwhile, computation of the chemical scores (CS) and A/E ratios were carried out for raw, germinated barley, talbina, germinated talbina and commercial talbina. The data revealed that protein content of the all raw studied and processing treatments ranged from 8.75-18.34g/100g on dry weight basis. Besides, the all treatments recorded rather slight decrease in crude fat content.

Abstract Progesterone (P4) is an essential agent in the transition from non-breeding to breeding season, without P4, the behavioral centre of brain is not primed to be sensitive to estrogen and the estrous behavior becomes invisible. The aim of the study was to determine P4 concentrations in breeding and non-breeding seasons and to calculate the differences among them. This may be useful in finding the normal amount of P4 required for minimizing the non-breeding season. A total of 18 healthy adult Damascus does were used in this study to determine blood serum P4 concentrations in the estrous cycle (EC) during the transition from one season to another. Results of this study confirmed that the estrus activity and P4 concentrations were significantly higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer. P4 concentrations were 9.5 %, 23.5 % and 72.3 % in spring, summer and autumn and the maximum level was in winter. P4 concentrations in the short and long EC represented 44.5 % and 7.4 % of that observed in the normal EC. P4 concentration was significantly higher in the EC transferred from late-autumn to early-winter than the transferred from late-winter to early-spring, late-spring to early-summer, and late-summer to early-autumn. Further, P4 concentration in the transitional period from anestrous to estrus or vice versa was 50 % than the transferred from estrus to estrus. In conclusion, autumn and winter are natural breeding seasons for Damascus does and there is a significant loss of P4 (65 %) in spring and summer which if it was compensated via exogenous P4 treatments this will minimize the days of non-breeding season.

Abstract Progesterone (P4) is an essential agent in the transition from non-breeding to breeding season, without P4, the behavioral centre of brain is not primed to be sensitive to estrogen and the estrous behavior becomes invisible. The aim of the study was to determine P4 concentrations in breeding and non-breeding seasons and to calculate the differences among them. This may be useful in finding the normal amount of P4 required for minimizing the non-breeding season. A total of 18 healthy adult Damascus does were used in this study to determine blood serum P4 concentrations in the estrous cycle (EC) during the transition from one season to another. Results of this study confirmed that the estrus activity and P4 concentrations were significantly higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer. P4 concentrations were 9.5 %, 23.5 % and 72.3 % in spring, summer and autumn and the maximum level was in winter. P4 concentrations in the short and long EC represented 44.5 % and 7.4 % of that observed in the normal EC. P4 concentration was significantly higher in the EC transferred from late-autumn to early-winter than the transferred from late-winter to early-spring, late-spring to early-summer, and late-summer to early-autumn. Further, P4 concentration in the transitional period from anestrous to estrus or vice versa was 50 % than the transferred from estrus to estrus. In conclusion, autumn and winter are natural breeding seasons for Damascus does and there is a significant loss of P4 (65 %) in spring and summer which if it was compensated via exogenous P4 treatments this will minimize the days of non-breeding season.

Abstract Progesterone (P4) is an essential agent in the transition from non-breeding to breeding season, without P4, the behavioral centre of brain is not primed to be sensitive to estrogen and the estrous behavior becomes invisible. The aim of the study was to determine P4 concentrations in breeding and non-breeding seasons and to calculate the differences among them. This may be useful in finding the normal amount of P4 required for minimizing the non-breeding season. A total of 18 healthy adult Damascus does were used in this study to determine blood serum P4 concentrations in the estrous cycle (EC) during the transition from one season to another. Results of this study confirmed that the estrus activity and P4 concentrations were significantly higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer. P4 concentrations were 9.5 %, 23.5 % and 72.3 % in spring, summer and autumn and the maximum level was in winter. P4 concentrations in the short and long EC represented 44.5 % and 7.4 % of that observed in the normal EC. P4 concentration was significantly higher in the EC transferred from late-autumn to early-winter than the transferred from late-winter to early-spring, late-spring to early-summer, and late-summer to early-autumn. Further, P4 concentration in the transitional period from anestrous to estrus or vice versa was 50 % than the transferred from estrus to estrus. In conclusion, autumn and winter are natural breeding seasons for Damascus does and there is a significant loss of P4 (65 %) in spring and summer which if it was compensated via exogenous P4 treatments this will minimize the days of non-breeding season.

During 2012 and 2013 seasons soil mulching with black polyethylene sheets and sawdust, chemical control with Round up, hand hoeing as well as application of humic acid and EM1 were examined for their positive action on killing weeds and improving yield and quality of Red Globe grapes. Results revealed that soil mulching with black polyethylene sheets or sawdust, chemical control and hand hoeing either applied alone or in combined with application of humic acid and EM1 was very effective in reducing dry weight of annual weeds and enhancing growth characters, nutrients in the leaves, yield as well as physical and chemical characteristics of the grapes in relative to control. The best means for controlling weeds and improving productivity of the vines was soil mulching with black polyethylene sheets followed by sawdust, hand hoeing and chemical control, in descending order. Controlling weeds by weeds control treatments along with application of humic acid and EM1 was superior than using weed control treatments alone in this respect Soil mulching with black polyethylene sheets as well as application of humic acid and EM1 each at 5 ml per vine is suggested for controlling weeds and improving productivity of Red Globe vineyards

This study was conducted during 2011 and 2012 seasons to test the possibility of reusing the agricultural drainage water for irrigating of Taimour mango transplants. In addition, to examine the effect of this water on some vegetative growth and root characters, total carbohydrate % in the leaves, plant pigments and uptake of N, P, K, Na ad Cl by plants. Transplants were irrigated with both drainage water and Nile water alone and also with different proportions from each (75:25, 50:50 and 25:75). The obtained data reveal that irrigation with drainage water alone or mixed with Nile water at a ratio of 25 % badly affected all the investigated parameters of transplants. A positive relation between the proportion of drainage water and the uptake of Na and Cl. Irrigation using drainage water mixed with river Nile at a ratio of 50 to 75 was apparently no depressive effect on all of the considered aspects of the transplants. From the economical standpoint, drainage water may be mixed in equal parts (50 %: 50%) with river Nile for irrigate Taimour mango transplants growing on sandy soil. For more safety, irrigation with Nile water may be applied for leaching soil and preventing salt accumulate every four mixed water irrigation.

أجريت هذة الدراسة بغرض دراسة تأثير رش السيتوفكس (cppu) والتطويش على خواص العناقيد والحبات للعنب الرومى الاحمر وكذلك تأثير خف الحبات على خواص العناقيد والحبات للعنب الروبى عديم البذور خلال موسمى 2007-2008م حيث تم إجراء معاملات الرش والتطويش وخف الحبات أثناء اكتمال التزهير . وقد اظهرت النتائج ما يلى : سبب رش النورات الزهرية بحمض الجبريليك بتركيز 1.5 - 3 جزء فى المليون اوتمشيطها بالفرشاة اورش النمو الخضرى باليوريا بتركيز 1% أثناء إكتمال التزهير نقص جوهرى فى كل من عدد حبات و وزن ومعامل تزاحم عناقيد العنب الروبى عديم البذور مقارنة بعناقيد الشجيرات التى لم تعامل . أدت جميع معاملات خف الحبات السابقة الى تقليل عدد الحبات وزيادة طول العناقيد وبالتالى نقص معامل تزاحم الحبات وأعطت عناقيد قليلة التزاحم . وعلى الجانب الآخر أظهر رش السيتوفكس (cppu) أو تطويش الآفرخ أو النورات الزهرية أثناء إكتمال التزهير(70 % تساقط القلنسوة ) زيادة معنوية فى عدد حبات ووزن ومعامل تزاحم عناقيد العنب الرومى الآحمر مقارنة بعناقيد الشجيرات الغير معاملة . إعطى رش السيتوفكس أعلى قيم لخواص العناقيد من حيث الوزن وعدد الحبات والطول مقارنة بمعاملة التطويش . سبب رش السيتوفكس او تطويش الآفرخ او النورات الزهرية زيادة معنوية فى وزن الحبات وتحسين تلوين الحبات ومحتوى عصيرها من المواد الصلبة الذائبة والسكريات . من نتائج هذة الدراسة يتضح أن أفضل وسيلة لخف حبات العنب الروبى عديم البذور هى رش حمض الجبريليك بتركيز 1.5-3 جزء فى المليون او تمشيط النورات الزهرية أثناء إكتمال التزهير وذلك للتغلب على التأثيرات السلبية لإستخدام تركيز مرتفع من حمض الجبريليك – كذلك للتغلب على شلشلة عناقيد العنب الرومى الآحمر يجب رش السيتوفكس بتركيز 2.5 – 5 جزء فى المليون او تطويش 25% من الافرخ او النورات الزهرية فردياً او 20% من كليهما اثناء اكتمال التزهير.

أجريت هذة الدراسة بغرض دراسة تأثير رش السيتوفكس (cppu) والتطويش على خواص العناقيد والحبات للعنب الرومى الاحمر وكذلك تأثير خف الحبات على خواص العناقيد والحبات للعنب الروبى عديم البذور خلال موسمى 2007-2008م حيث تم إجراء معاملات الرش والتطويش وخف الحبات أثناء اكتمال التزهير . وقد اظهرت النتائج ما يلى : سبب رش النورات الزهرية بحمض الجبريليك بتركيز 1.5 - 3 جزء فى المليون اوتمشيطها بالفرشاة اورش النمو الخضرى باليوريا بتركيز 1% أثناء إكتمال التزهير نقص جوهرى فى كل من عدد حبات و وزن ومعامل تزاحم عناقيد العنب الروبى عديم البذور مقارنة بعناقيد الشجيرات التى لم تعامل . أدت جميع معاملات خف الحبات السابقة الى تقليل عدد الحبات وزيادة طول العناقيد وبالتالى نقص معامل تزاحم الحبات وأعطت عناقيد قليلة التزاحم . وعلى الجانب الآخر أظهر رش السيتوفكس (cppu) أو تطويش الآفرخ أو النورات الزهرية أثناء إكتمال التزهير(70 % تساقط القلنسوة ) زيادة معنوية فى عدد حبات ووزن ومعامل تزاحم عناقيد العنب الرومى الآحمر مقارنة بعناقيد الشجيرات الغير معاملة . إعطى رش السيتوفكس أعلى قيم لخواص العناقيد من حيث الوزن وعدد الحبات والطول مقارنة بمعاملة التطويش . سبب رش السيتوفكس او تطويش الآفرخ او النورات الزهرية زيادة معنوية فى وزن الحبات وتحسين تلوين الحبات ومحتوى عصيرها من المواد الصلبة الذائبة والسكريات . من نتائج هذة الدراسة يتضح أن أفضل وسيلة لخف حبات العنب الروبى عديم البذور هى رش حمض الجبريليك بتركيز 1.5-3 جزء فى المليون او تمشيط النورات الزهرية أثناء إكتمال التزهير وذلك للتغلب على التأثيرات السلبية لإستخدام تركيز مرتفع من حمض الجبريليك – كذلك للتغلب على شلشلة عناقيد العنب الرومى الآحمر يجب رش السيتوفكس بتركيز 2.5 – 5 جزء فى المليون او تطويش 25% من الافرخ او النورات الزهرية فردياً او 20% من كليهما اثناء اكتمال التزهير.