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An efficient micropropagation protocol for Koelreuteria bipinnata, an ornamental tree, from mature and juvenile phase tissues was described. Nodal explants from one-year-old branches of a field-grown mature tree (mature phase) and from in vitro growing seedlings (juvenile phase) were used. The nodal explants from mature explants cultured on Murashig& Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with or without growth regulators did not show any axillary shoot development. However, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.5 mg/l induced axillary shoots from all juvenile explants (100%). It also produced the highest number of shoots (2.5 shoots per explant), the highest rooting percentage (100%), the maximum number of roots (2.80 roots/shoot) and the longest roots (5.87 cm) when it was added as a supplement to the half-strength MS medium culture that included 15 g/l sucrose. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the field with 60% survival rate.

An efficient micropropagation protocol for Koelreuteria bipinnata, an ornamental tree, from mature and juvenile phase tissues was described. Nodal explants from one-year-old branches of a field-grown mature tree (mature phase) and from in vitro growing seedlings (juvenile phase) were used. The nodal explants from mature explants cultured on Murashig& Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with or without growth regulators did not show any axillary shoot development. However, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.5 mg/l induced axillary shoots from all juvenile explants (100%). It also produced the highest number of shoots (2.5 shoots per explant), the highest rooting percentage (100%), the maximum number of roots (2.80 roots/shoot) and the longest roots (5.87 cm) when it was added as a supplement to the half-strength MS medium culture that included 15 g/l sucrose. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the field with 60% survival rate.

An efficient micropropagation protocol for Koelreuteria bipinnata, an ornamental tree, from mature and juvenile phase tissues was described. Nodal explants from one-year-old branches of a field-grown mature tree (mature phase) and from in vitro growing seedlings (juvenile phase) were used. The nodal explants from mature explants cultured on Murashig& Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with or without growth regulators did not show any axillary shoot development. However, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.5 mg/l induced axillary shoots from all juvenile explants (100%). It also produced the highest number of shoots (2.5 shoots per explant), the highest rooting percentage (100%), the maximum number of roots (2.80 roots/shoot) and the longest roots (5.87 cm) when it was added as a supplement to the half-strength MS medium culture that included 15 g/l sucrose. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the field with 60% survival rate.

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of Synbiotic and garlic powder as alternatives to antibiotic on growth performance and carcass criteria of Japanese quails from 1-42 days of age. A total number of 156 unsexed one-day-old Japanese quails were used and randomly distributed to three equal groups; each group was distributed into four replicates of 13 quails. The 1st group (C) was fed the basal diet with antibiotic (Amoxicillin) 1g/kg diet, while the 2nd (T1) and the 3rd (T2) groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with Synbiotic (PoultryStar® sol) and garlic powder (Allium sativum) at the level of 1g and 20g/kg diet, respectively. The results indicated that birds fed diet supplemented with 1g Synbiotic/kg diet had significant (P0.05) higher body weight, daily body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio compared with T2 and control groups. The birds in T1 group had significantly (P0.05) lower mortality rate during the periods of (4-6) and (0-6) weeks of age as compared to other groups. Carcass, liver, gizzard and giblets% were significantly (P0.05) higher in T1 group compared with other groups, while, the highest value (P0.05) of abdominal fat% was obtained in control one. From these results, it could be concluded that the supplementation of 0.1% Synbiotic as an alternative to antibiotic in Japanese quails diets were highly recommended to obtain higher growth performance and carcass criteria.

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 100 ppm with or without biostimulants (Agrobacterium rhizogenes, seaweed extract and coconut water) as either a spray or drench for 3 minutes or 1 hour on rooting and growth parameters of three cutting types (tip, middle and basal) of Conocarpus erectus L. The data showed that the rooting percentage, root and vegetative characteristics of rooted cuttings were significantly increased by all treatments of IBA and/or biostimulants compared to the untreated cuttings. The individual treatments of seaweed extract and coconut water were more effective than IBA or A. rhizogenes alone. Seaweed extract as drench with or without IBA surpassed those of seaweed extract treatments as spray. Besides, the response of cuttings treated with coconut water for 1 hour was better than coconut water for 3 min. Tip cuttings were significantly better than the middle and basal ones, especially in relation to rootability of cuttings. Maximum rooting percentage and shoot characteristics of plants were obtained from tip cuttings treated with IBA + coconut water for 1 hour, followed by IBA + seaweed extract as drench. The highest rooting percentage was associated with high endogenous levels of phenols, indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) as well as the lowest abscisic acid (ABA) level in cutting tissues and the anatomical structure of rooted cuttings. So, it can be recommended treating tip cuttings of C. erectus with either coconut water for 1 hour or seaweed extract as drench combined with IBA for enhancing the rooting percentage, root and shoot growth parameters as well as content of endogenous root promoting substances.

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 100 ppm with or without biostimulants (Agrobacterium rhizogenes, seaweed extract and coconut water) as either a spray or drench for 3 minutes or 1 hour on rooting and growth parameters of three cutting types (tip, middle and basal) of Conocarpus erectus L. The data showed that the rooting percentage, root and vegetative characteristics of rooted cuttings were significantly increased by all treatments of IBA and/or biostimulants compared to the untreated cuttings. The individual treatments of seaweed extract and coconut water were more effective than IBA or A. rhizogenes alone. Seaweed extract as drench with or without IBA surpassed those of seaweed extract treatments as spray. Besides, the response of cuttings treated with coconut water for 1 hour was better than coconut water for 3 min. Tip cuttings were significantly better than the middle and basal ones, especially in relation to rootability of cuttings. Maximum rooting percentage and shoot characteristics of plants were obtained from tip cuttings treated with IBA + coconut water for 1 hour, followed by IBA + seaweed extract as drench. The highest rooting percentage was associated with high endogenous levels of phenols, indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) as well as the lowest abscisic acid (ABA) level in cutting tissues and the anatomical structure of rooted cuttings. So, it can be recommended treating tip cuttings of C. erectus with either coconut water for 1 hour or seaweed extract as drench combined with IBA for enhancing the rooting percentage, root and shoot growth parameters as well as content of endogenous root promoting substances.