This research aimed at shedding light on the merit of coriander production in the main production governorates in Egypt during the period (1998 - 2011). through, the identification of the average yield per feddan the deference's between these governorates. The study also, identified the economic efficiency of coriander to assess the efficiency of export coriander. The data of this research were taken from bulletins issued by the Central Administration of the Agricultural Economy of the Ministry of Agriculture, Foreign Trade data base system, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, and bulletins issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The study revealed following findings: -The existence of statistically significant differences between the average coriander production per feddan in the main producing governorates in Egypt. -The existence of moral statistical differences of the net return per feddan, total revenue and total costs of production in the main governorates. -Orientations existing between producers in Egypt would induce increase in production. -Exporting efficiency of coriander can be raised by geographical distribution of exports. It seems produces of coriander crop aims to increase their production per feddan than to increase profitability.

Toxicity of spinosad, two nicotinoids, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, and two conventional insecticides, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were tested in the field against two aphid species, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fich) and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) infesting two sorghum varieties, Horus and Dorado. R. maidis started to infest the two sorghum varieties by the last week of June and continue till the first half of August. While, S. graminum started to infest both sorghum varieties by the first week of August and continue till the third week of September. Two spray treatments were conducted by Knapsack sprayer the first one was in June 30th and the 2th second was in August 7th. Reduction percent in the number of aphid eggs and nymph due to the insecticide treatments was calculated 3, 17, and 37 days after treatment. Eggs and nymphs of population R. maidis and S. graminum were strongly decreased in all treated Horus and Dorado varieties after 3 days from insecticides application as compared with control. Spinosad and nicotinoid compounds were more effective than the two conventional insecticides, chlorpyrofos and cypermethrin in controlling both species of aphid, on the two sorghum varieties. The descending order of the insecticides activity was imidacloprid, acetamiprid, spinosad, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in all experiments of this study.

Toxicity of spinosad, two nicotinoids, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, and two conventional insecticides, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were tested in the field against two aphid species, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fich) and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) infesting two sorghum varieties, Horus and Dorado. R. maidis started to infest the two sorghum varieties by the last week of June and continue till the first half of August. While, S. graminum started to infest both sorghum varieties by the first week of August and continue till the third week of September. Two spray treatments were conducted by Knapsack sprayer the first one was in June 30th and the 2th second was in August 7th. Reduction percent in the number of aphid eggs and nymph due to the insecticide treatments was calculated 3, 17, and 37 days after treatment. Eggs and nymphs of population R. maidis and S. graminum were strongly decreased in all treated Horus and Dorado varieties after 3 days from insecticides application as compared with control. Spinosad and nicotinoid compounds were more effective than the two conventional insecticides, chlorpyrofos and cypermethrin in controlling both species of aphid, on the two sorghum varieties. The descending order of the insecticides activity was imidacloprid, acetamiprid, spinosad, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in all experiments of this study.

Kareish cheese was made by using 5% starter culture as control to study the effect of partial substitution of starter culture by Glucono-δ-Lactone (GDL) (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % in milk) on the fresh Kareish cheese properties and its whey. The study indicated that the total solids, acidity and total protein increased by increasing the GDL substitution ratio, and also increased the yield of fresh Kareish cheese till 1.0% GDL and then decreased with 1.5% replacement. The coagulation time was decreased by increasing the GDL from 239 minuets for the control to 216 minuets by using 1.5% GDL. The treatment which gave the best results was served as a control to study the effect of adding different rates of rennet (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 ml rennet / kg milk). Results indicated that by increasing the rennet being added, an increase in both total solids and total protein were occurred , also slightly decreased acidity and resulted in the highest decease in coagulation time from 120 to 50, 44 and 31 minutes for 0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 ml rennet, respectively. Also by increasing the added rennet, a decrease of Kareish cheese yield at 0.25 ml of 24.21% and an increase of 25.74% by adding 0.50 ml rennet, then decreased by adding 0.75 ml rennet to (21.01%). Sensory evaluation showed that Kareish cheese manufactured by 4% starter culture + 1% GDL + 0.5 ml rennet gained the highest total scores.

The Egyptian climate and crop rotations are suitable for increasing the bee honey production, but the actual situation don't reflex these advantages because of many problems faced that agriculture project. So this paper aimed studying the production and marketing efficiency of the bee honey projects in Egypt in order to know the problems facing that project. The study indicated that the numbers of honey bee cells and its productivity were declined during the period of 1990-2006 which affected the decrease of the total production. Also, the study indicated that the production and marketing efficiency of the bee honey projects in Egypt are low because of many problems faced that agriculture project. Therefore, the study recommended some recommendation to increase the production of the honey bee in one side and to encouraging other people to enter that agriculture activity.

Field experiments were con-ducted at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt in three con-secutive winter seasons of 2004-2005, 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. The aim of the present experi-ments were to determine the ef-fects of three planting dates, fif-teen garlic ecotypes (11 Balady and 4 Chinese ecotypes) and two plant density (30 and 60 cloves in each row sides) on garlic quality under Assiut province conditions. The obtained results indicated that percentage of total soluble solids, percentage of vitamin C and percentage of sulphur were increased by early planting. However late planting increased the percentage of volatile oil. Ecotypes from Balady sur-passed Chinese in content of vi-tamin C and percentage of sul-phur. On the other hand, Chinese ecotypes surpassed Balady eco-types in percentage of total solu-ble solids, and percentage of volatile oil. Plant density did not show any significant effect in any of the four studied treats.

Field experiments were con-ducted at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt in three con-secutive winter seasons of 2004-2005, 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. The aim of the present experi-ments were to determine the ef-fects of three planting dates, fif-teen garlic ecotypes (11 Balady and 4 Chinese ecotypes) and two plant density (30 and 60 cloves in each row sides) on garlic quality under Assiut province conditions. The obtained results indicated that percentage of total soluble solids, percentage of vitamin C and percentage of sulphur were increased by early planting. However late planting increased the percentage of volatile oil. Ecotypes from Balady sur-passed Chinese in content of vi-tamin C and percentage of sul-phur. On the other hand, Chinese ecotypes surpassed Balady eco-types in percentage of total solu-ble solids, and percentage of volatile oil. Plant density did not show any significant effect in any of the four studied treats.

Field experiments were con-ducted at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt in three con-secutive winter seasons of 2004-2005, 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. The aim of the present experi-ments were to determine the ef-fects of three planting dates, fif-teen garlic ecotypes (11 Balady and 4 Chinese ecotypes) and two plant density (30 and 60 cloves in each row sides) on garlic quality under Assiut province conditions. The obtained results indicated that percentage of total soluble solids, percentage of vitamin C and percentage of sulphur were increased by early planting. However late planting increased the percentage of volatile oil. Ecotypes from Balady sur-passed Chinese in content of vi-tamin C and percentage of sul-phur. On the other hand, Chinese ecotypes surpassed Balady eco-types in percentage of total solu-ble solids, and percentage of volatile oil. Plant density did not show any significant effect in any of the four studied treats.

Seventy five fungal cultures were isolated from decayed citrus fruits and tested for their pecti-nolytic activity. Thirty six out of them proved to have ability for pectinase enzymes production. These isolates were identified and classified into twenty strains belonging to eleven species ap-pertaining to six genera of fungi. Aspergillus was the first pre-dominant genus followed by the genera of Cladosporium and Penicillium. Evaluation of the twenty strains for their ability to produce pectinase enzymes indicated that the greatest clearing zones among the locally isolated fungi were observed with Aspergillus niger AUMC 4156 (22 mm) and Paecilomyces variotii AUMC 4149 (21 mm), which was mostly comparable with the pectinolytic activity of the imported strain Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 (23 mm). Studying the environmental and nutritional factors leading to maximum pectinase (s) produc-tion by these three strains showed that, the optimum incubation temperature and period for pecti-nase (s) production by Aspergil-lus niger NRRL 337, Aspergillus niger AUMC 4156 and Paecilo-myces variotii AUMC 4149 were 30˚C and 5days, respectively. The optimum pH values were 5 – 6, 5 and 6 for A. niger NRRL 337, A. niger AUMC 4156 and Paecilomyces variotii AUMC 4149, respectively. The best in-oculum size was 1% for Asper-gillus niger NRRL 337, and 2% for both Aspergillus niger AUMC 4156 and Paecilomyces variotii AUMC 4149. Pectin at concentration of 2% proved to be the best carbon source followed by starch for all the studied fun-gal strains. Also, it was found that, the maximum enzyme pro-duction was attained by using of 2% yeast extract as the sole ni-trogen source for all the studied fungi.

Seventy five fungal cultures were isolated from decayed citrus fruits and tested for their pecti-nolytic activity. Thirty six out of them proved to have ability for pectinase enzymes production. These isolates were identified and classified into twenty strains belonging to eleven species ap-pertaining to six genera of fungi. Aspergillus was the first pre-dominant genus followed by the genera of Cladosporium and Penicillium. Evaluation of the twenty strains for their ability to produce pectinase enzymes indicated that the greatest clearing zones among the locally isolated fungi were observed with Aspergillus niger AUMC 4156 (22 mm) and Paecilomyces variotii AUMC 4149 (21 mm), which was mostly comparable with the pectinolytic activity of the imported strain Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 (23 mm). Studying the environmental and nutritional factors leading to maximum pectinase (s) produc-tion by these three strains showed that, the optimum incubation temperature and period for pecti-nase (s) production by Aspergil-lus niger NRRL 337, Aspergillus niger AUMC 4156 and Paecilo-myces variotii AUMC 4149 were 30˚C and 5days, respectively. The optimum pH values were 5 – 6, 5 and 6 for A. niger NRRL 337, A. niger AUMC 4156 and Paecilomyces variotii AUMC 4149, respectively. The best in-oculum size was 1% for Asper-gillus niger NRRL 337, and 2% for both Aspergillus niger AUMC 4156 and Paecilomyces variotii AUMC 4149. Pectin at concentration of 2% proved to be the best carbon source followed by starch for all the studied fun-gal strains. Also, it was found that, the maximum enzyme pro-duction was attained by using of 2% yeast extract as the sole ni-trogen source for all the studied fungi.