The sedative and anesthetic effects of diazepam (D), xylazine (X), thiopental (T) individually and their combinations (DX, DT, XT & DXT) were evaluated in White New Zealand rabbits. The quality of surgical anesthesia obtained from experiment 1 was tested by performing two different surgeries (Vasectomy and embryo transfer; experiment 2). Thirty two growing females and eight adult rabbits (experiment 2) were used in this study. Rabbits were injected with physiological saline, D (2.5 mg/kg), X (10 mg/kg), T (20 mg/kg) or one of the combinations (DX, XT or DXT). Rectal temperature, respiration and heart rates were recorded before and 10 min after injection and the degree and duration of sedation and anesthesia were monitored. Physiological saline had no effect on rectal temperature, respiration and heart rates. Rectal temperatures were increased following thiopental administration (P0.05). With all treatments, rabbits exhibited depressed respiration and decreased heart rates after injection, with the exception of T which initiated an increased heart rate (P0.01). Rabbits injected with X, T, D, DT or DX exhibited different degrees of sedation. Surgical anesthesia was obtained only after injection of XT and DXT combinations. D injection significantly prolonged the duration of anesthesia when given with XT combination (P0.01). The anesthetic selected as superior from this comparison, DXT was used to anesthetise eight rabbits to perform either vasectomy or embryo transfer. The duration and depth of anesthesia was sufficient for performing the surgeries with minimal complications and safe recovery.

The sedative and anesthetic effects of diazepam (D), xylazine (X), thiopental (T) individually and their combinations (DX, DT, XT & DXT) were evaluated in White New Zealand rabbits. The quality of surgical anesthesia obtained from experiment 1 was tested by performing two different surgeries (Vasectomy and embryo transfer; experiment 2). Thirty two growing females and eight adult rabbits (experiment 2) were used in this study. Rabbits were injected with physiological saline, D (2.5 mg/kg), X (10 mg/kg), T (20 mg/kg) or one of the combinations (DX, XT or DXT). Rectal temperature, respiration and heart rates were recorded before and 10 min after injection and the degree and duration of sedation and anesthesia were monitored. Physiological saline had no effect on rectal temperature, respiration and heart rates. Rectal temperatures were increased following thiopental administration (P0.05). With all treatments, rabbits exhibited depressed respiration and decreased heart rates after injection, with the exception of T which initiated an increased heart rate (P0.01). Rabbits injected with X, T, D, DT or DX exhibited different degrees of sedation. Surgical anesthesia was obtained only after injection of XT and DXT combinations. D injection significantly prolonged the duration of anesthesia when given with XT combination (P0.01). The anesthetic selected as superior from this comparison, DXT was used to anesthetise eight rabbits to perform either vasectomy or embryo transfer. The duration and depth of anesthesia was sufficient for performing the surgeries with minimal complications and safe recovery.

Certain studies on the relationships between selectivity of Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis craccivora Koch to sucrose and maltose and their resistance to primicarb

Certain studies on the relationships between selectivity of Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis craccivora Koch to sucrose and maltose and their resistance to primicarb

Certain studies on the relationships between selectivity of Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis craccivora Koch to sucrose and maltose and their resistance to primicarb

Study the Relationships between selectivity of Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis craccivora Koch to sucrose and maltose and their resistance to primicarb.

Study the Relationships between selectivity of Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis craccivora Koch to sucrose and maltose and their resistance to primicarb.

Study the Relationships between selectivity of Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis craccivora Koch to sucrose and maltose and their resistance to primicarb.

Exposing broilers to a high temperature increases water and electrolyte K(+) and Na(+) excretion, which negatively affects the heat dissipation capacity and acid-base homeostasis, resulting in losses in growth performance. In this experiment, the efficacy of providing oral rehydration therapy and betaine on growth performance, acid-base balance, and water and electrolyte retention was evaluated. A total of 432 one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb) were allocated to 72 metabolic cages and reared to 31 d of age under standard conditions. From 32 to 41 d of age, chicks were exposed to heat stress (ambient temperature, 32 C) and high RH (80 to 100% RH) for 9 h daily. The ameliorative effects of a 3 x 3 factorial array of treatments administered via drinking water were evaluated in 8 replicates of 6 chicks per cage for each treatment. Two oral rehydration therapy (ORT) fluids, based on either citrate or bicarbonate salts, were added to tap water. In addition, betaine was added to tap water at an inclusion rate of 0, 500, or 1,000 mg/L to complete the array of 9 liquid-based treatments. Growth performance was assessed at 32, 35, and 41 d of age. From 32 to 35 d of age, chicks receiving ORT fluids exhibited improved growth performance, water balance, and electrolyte (K(+), Na(+)) retention. In addition, the physiological response to stress was attenuated, as indicated by lower heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and blood glucose concentrations relative to the negative controls. The addition of betaine at an inclusion rate of 500 mg/L improved BW gain. From d 36 to 41, treatments did not significantly influence growth performance, which suggests that chicks receiving tap water were able to compensate and adapt to the heat-stress conditions. The results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of providing ORT fluids and 500 mg of betaine/L were observed only during the first 4 d of heat exposure. After this period, adaptation to the heat appears to occur, and none of the treatments was successful in improving growth performance.

Studies the Variation in certain biological aspects of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) in relation to color of its forms.