Abstract BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and midazolam for sedative premedication administered by nebuliser 30 min before general anaesthesia in preschool children undergoing bone marrow biopsy and aspiration. METHODS: Ninety children aged 3-7 yr were randomly allocated into three equal groups to be premedicated with either nebulised ketamine 2 mg kg-1 (Group K), dexmedetomidine 2 μg kg-1 (Group D), or midazolam 0.2 mg kg-1 (Group M). The primary endpoint was a five-point sedation score on arrival in the operating room 30 min after end of study drug administration. Secondary outcomes included: parental separation anxiety scale; medication and mask acceptance scales; haemodynamic variables; recovery time; postoperative face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability scale; emergence agitation scale; and adverse effects. RESULTS: The median (range) sedation score on arrival in the operating room was 3.5 (1-4), 2.0 (2-3) and 2.0 (1-3) in Groups M, D, and K, respectively (P=0.000). Subjects in Group D showed higher medication (P0.03) and mask acceptance scores (P0.015) and more satisfactory parental separation anxiety scale (P0.044). The median (range) recovery time was significantly shorter in Group D [5.5 (4-8) min] compared with Group K [10.0 (5-15) min, P=0.000] and M [8.0 (6-15) min, P=0.000]. The incidence of emergence agitation was lower in Group D (P0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children premedicated with nebulised dexmedetomidine had more satisfactory sedation, shorter recovery time, and less postoperative agitation than those who received nebulised ketamine or midazolam.

Abstract Background and objectives. To assess the efficacy of 10sessions (once daily for 10 days) of repetitive transcranial magneticstimulation (rTMS) on primary motor cortex (M1) in patients sufferingfrom malignant visceral pain. Materials and methods. Thirty fourpatients were included in the study. They were divided randomly intotwo groups (17 patients for each, using closed envelopes): real rTMS(20 Hz, 10 trains with intertrain interval of 30 s with total pulses 2,000,intensity 80% of motor threshold) and sham rTMS (coil elevated andangled away from the head). Stimulation was applied over M1 everyday for ten consecutive days. Patients were evaluated using a verbaldescriptor scale (VDS), visual analog scale (VAS), and Hamiltonrating scale for depression (HAM-D) at baseline; after the 1st, 5th,and 10th sessions; and then at 15 days and one month later after theend of the treatment sessions. Serum human dynorphin (Dyn) wasmeasured at baseline, and after the 5th and 10th sessions. Results.Fifteen patients from each group completed the study. There was nosignificant difference between real and sham groups in the duration ofillness, or any rating scales at baseline. Compared with the sham group,the VAS/VDS scores decreased more in patients who received realrTMS over the course of the treatment and at 15 days follow-up thanin those who received sham stimulation. Scores were the same at onemonth follow-up. There were no significant changes in serum humanDyn in either group. Conclusion. The results confirm that 10 sessionsof rTMS over the M1 can induce pain relief in malignant visceral painfor at least 15 days but the effect is not maintained at one month (PDF) Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Malignant Visceral Pain. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286489057_Effect_of_Repetitive_Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation_on_Malignant_Visceral_Pain [accessed Oct 15 2018].

Abstract Background and objectives. To assess the efficacy of 10sessions (once daily for 10 days) of repetitive transcranial magneticstimulation (rTMS) on primary motor cortex (M1) in patients sufferingfrom malignant visceral pain. Materials and methods. Thirty fourpatients were included in the study. They were divided randomly intotwo groups (17 patients for each, using closed envelopes): real rTMS(20 Hz, 10 trains with intertrain interval of 30 s with total pulses 2,000,intensity 80% of motor threshold) and sham rTMS (coil elevated andangled away from the head). Stimulation was applied over M1 everyday for ten consecutive days. Patients were evaluated using a verbaldescriptor scale (VDS), visual analog scale (VAS), and Hamiltonrating scale for depression (HAM-D) at baseline; after the 1st, 5th,and 10th sessions; and then at 15 days and one month later after theend of the treatment sessions. Serum human dynorphin (Dyn) wasmeasured at baseline, and after the 5th and 10th sessions. Results.Fifteen patients from each group completed the study. There was nosignificant difference between real and sham groups in the duration ofillness, or any rating scales at baseline. Compared with the sham group,the VAS/VDS scores decreased more in patients who received realrTMS over the course of the treatment and at 15 days follow-up thanin those who received sham stimulation. Scores were the same at onemonth follow-up. There were no significant changes in serum humanDyn in either group. Conclusion. The results confirm that 10 sessionsof rTMS over the M1 can induce pain relief in malignant visceral painfor at least 15 days but the effect is not maintained at one month (PDF) Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Malignant Visceral Pain. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286489057_Effect_of_Repetitive_Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation_on_Malignant_Visceral_Pain [accessed Oct 15 2018].

Abstract Background and objectives. To assess the efficacy of 10sessions (once daily for 10 days) of repetitive transcranial magneticstimulation (rTMS) on primary motor cortex (M1) in patients sufferingfrom malignant visceral pain. Materials and methods. Thirty fourpatients were included in the study. They were divided randomly intotwo groups (17 patients for each, using closed envelopes): real rTMS(20 Hz, 10 trains with intertrain interval of 30 s with total pulses 2,000,intensity 80% of motor threshold) and sham rTMS (coil elevated andangled away from the head). Stimulation was applied over M1 everyday for ten consecutive days. Patients were evaluated using a verbaldescriptor scale (VDS), visual analog scale (VAS), and Hamiltonrating scale for depression (HAM-D) at baseline; after the 1st, 5th,and 10th sessions; and then at 15 days and one month later after theend of the treatment sessions. Serum human dynorphin (Dyn) wasmeasured at baseline, and after the 5th and 10th sessions. Results.Fifteen patients from each group completed the study. There was nosignificant difference between real and sham groups in the duration ofillness, or any rating scales at baseline. Compared with the sham group,the VAS/VDS scores decreased more in patients who received realrTMS over the course of the treatment and at 15 days follow-up thanin those who received sham stimulation. Scores were the same at onemonth follow-up. There were no significant changes in serum humanDyn in either group. Conclusion. The results confirm that 10 sessionsof rTMS over the M1 can induce pain relief in malignant visceral painfor at least 15 days but the effect is not maintained at one month (PDF) Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Malignant Visceral Pain. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286489057_Effect_of_Repetitive_Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation_on_Malignant_Visceral_Pain [accessed Oct 15 2018].

Abstract Background and objectives. To assess the efficacy of 10sessions (once daily for 10 days) of repetitive transcranial magneticstimulation (rTMS) on primary motor cortex (M1) in patients sufferingfrom malignant visceral pain. Materials and methods. Thirty fourpatients were included in the study. They were divided randomly intotwo groups (17 patients for each, using closed envelopes): real rTMS(20 Hz, 10 trains with intertrain interval of 30 s with total pulses 2,000,intensity 80% of motor threshold) and sham rTMS (coil elevated andangled away from the head). Stimulation was applied over M1 everyday for ten consecutive days. Patients were evaluated using a verbaldescriptor scale (VDS), visual analog scale (VAS), and Hamiltonrating scale for depression (HAM-D) at baseline; after the 1st, 5th,and 10th sessions; and then at 15 days and one month later after theend of the treatment sessions. Serum human dynorphin (Dyn) wasmeasured at baseline, and after the 5th and 10th sessions. Results.Fifteen patients from each group completed the study. There was nosignificant difference between real and sham groups in the duration ofillness, or any rating scales at baseline. Compared with the sham group,the VAS/VDS scores decreased more in patients who received realrTMS over the course of the treatment and at 15 days follow-up thanin those who received sham stimulation. Scores were the same at onemonth follow-up. There were no significant changes in serum humanDyn in either group. Conclusion. The results confirm that 10 sessionsof rTMS over the M1 can induce pain relief in malignant visceral painfor at least 15 days but the effect is not maintained at one month (PDF) Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Malignant Visceral Pain. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286489057_Effect_of_Repetitive_Transcranial_Magnetic_Stimulation_on_Malignant_Visceral_Pain [accessed Oct 15 2018].

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Background. Several studies showed better outcome in adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with pediatrics protocols than similarly aged patients treated with adults protocols, while other studies showed similar outcome of both protocols. We conducted this study to compare the outcome of our pediatrics and adults therapeutic protocols in treatment of adolescents ALL. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed files of 86 consecutive adolescent ALL patients aged 15–18 years who attended to outpatients clinic from January 2003 to January 2010. 32 out of 86 were treated with pediatrics adopted BFM 90 high risk protocol while 54 were treated with adults adopted BFM protocol.We analyzed the effect of different treatment protocols on achieving complete remission (CR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results. The 2 patients groups have almost similar characteristics. The CR was significantly higher in pediatrics protocol 96% versus 89% (