Objective: This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of c-Myc in muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) of the urinary bladder and to evaluate the correlation of c-Myc expression with different clinicopathological parameters and outcome, including a relatively new histopathological tumor characteristic that is the growth pattern of tumor invasion. Methods: A total of 66 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of MIUC obtained from radical cystectomy specimens were enrolled. The sections were stained with c-Myc antibody using immunohistochemistry technique. Results: Tumor cells showed variability in nuclear c-Myc expression according to the growth pattern of invasion. The median H-score of nuclear expression of infiltrative pattern was significantly higher than that of non-infiltrative pattern (p<0.001). Nuclear expression of c-Myc in tumor tissue had a significant association with poor prognostic factors (sarcomatoid variant (p<0.001), perineural invasion (p=0.037), lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (p<0.001), distant metastasis (p=0.042) and advanced stage grouping (p=0.001). Kaplan Meier survival analysis demonstrated that c-Myc expression could not be significantly correlated with overall survival or disease free survival rates. Conclusion: Nuclear c-Myc seems to have a prominent role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition with consequential in tumor progression and metastasis, while it is not as much useful to predict the clinical behavior of patients with MIUC.

We found that right and left-sided colon cancers are different from each other in terms of age at diagnosis, presenting symptoms, aim of surgery, stage at diagnosis, response to first-line chemotherapy, and causes of death. Several recent international studies support the findings of our work and nowadays there is a global trend towards considering right and left-sided colon cancer as two distinct disease entities. Further research and multi-institutional studies should be done worldwide for providing more evidence of the impact of colon cancer sidedness with special emphasis on molecular phenotype and effect of targeted therapy and immunotherapy on survival outcomes.

We found that right and left-sided colon cancers are different from each other in terms of age at diagnosis, presenting symptoms, aim of surgery, stage at diagnosis, response to first-line chemotherapy, and causes of death. Several recent international studies support the findings of our work and nowadays there is a global trend towards considering right and left-sided colon cancer as two distinct disease entities. Further research and multi-institutional studies should be done worldwide for providing more evidence of the impact of colon cancer sidedness with special emphasis on molecular phenotype and effect of targeted therapy and immunotherapy on survival outcomes.

We found that right and left-sided colon cancers are different from each other in terms of age at diagnosis, presenting symptoms, aim of surgery, stage at diagnosis, response to first-line chemotherapy, and causes of death. Several recent international studies support the findings of our work and nowadays there is a global trend towards considering right and left-sided colon cancer as two distinct disease entities. Further research and multi-institutional studies should be done worldwide for providing more evidence of the impact of colon cancer sidedness with special emphasis on molecular phenotype and effect of targeted therapy and immunotherapy on survival outcomes.

We found that right and left-sided colon cancers are different from each other in terms of age at diagnosis, presenting symptoms, aim of surgery, stage at diagnosis, response to first-line chemotherapy, and causes of death. Several recent international studies support the findings of our work and nowadays there is a global trend towards considering right and left-sided colon cancer as two distinct disease entities. Further research and multi-institutional studies should be done worldwide for providing more evidence of the impact of colon cancer sidedness with special emphasis on molecular phenotype and effect of targeted therapy and immunotherapy on survival outcomes.

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