The high frequency of cancer bladder among Egyptian patients is related to Bilharzial infestation. Organ confined muscle invasive bladder cancer should be theoretically cured by cystectomy but unfortunately many patients have progressive disease even after apparent radical ablation. Therefore, identification of independent prognostic factors has potential clinical importance, as it can be used to define an individual's risk for tumor progression and to customize appropriate management strategies. Bcl-XL is one of the most important anti-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family. As few studies have reported a connection between the Bcl-XL expression and bladder cancer, this work is done to verify the relation between Bcl-XL and Bilharzial related bladder cancer, determine its prognostic value and find any correlation between Bcl-XL expression and the pathological prognostic parameters. Also, to show its value as a radio-sensitivity marker. The present study included 100 cystectomy specimens obtained from patients with muscle invasive Bilharzial related bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy in the South Egypt Cancer Institute and the Department of Urology at Assiut University Hospital. Those patients were followed either for 2 years after cystectomy or until local recurrence or distant metastasis had occurred. Bcl-XL expression in the tissue specimens detected by immunohistochemical staining was correlated with; the 2 year recurrence-free survival rate, clinicopathological parameters (tumor type, stage, grade, gross picture & regional lymph node infiltration) and response to adjuvant radiotherapy. There was a statistically highly significant negative strong correlation between Bcl-XL expression and the recurrence-free survival (p0.0001 & r = - 0.731) and the response to adjuvant radiotherapy (p0.0001 & r = -0.741). These correlations were stronger in transitional cell carcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma. A statistically highly significant positive correlation between Bcl-XL expression and tumor grade & iliac lymph nodes infiltration was detected (p = 0.006 & r = 0.271 and p = 0.003 & r = 0.354 respectively). Rabab M. H. El Ghorori et al,. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ There was a statistically significant correlation between the histopathological tumor type and the Bcl-XL expression which was more in transitional cell carcinoma (p = 0.027 & r = 0.226). There was no statistically significant correlation between Bcl-XL and either tumor stage, tumor size or shape. In conclusion, Bcl-XL expression is a highly significant negative prognostic factor in patients with bilharzial-related bladder cancer and it is a highly significant indicator of radio-resistance. Bcl-XL is significantly correlated to regional lymph nodes infiltration, tumor grade and type.

The high frequency of cancer bladder among Egyptian patients is related to Bilharzial infestation. Organ confined muscle invasive bladder cancer should be theoretically cured by cystectomy but unfortunately many patients have progressive disease even after apparent radical ablation. Therefore, identification of independent prognostic factors has potential clinical importance, as it can be used to define an individual's risk for tumor progression and to customize appropriate management strategies. Bcl-XL is one of the most important anti-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family. As few studies have reported a connection between the Bcl-XL expression and bladder cancer, this work is done to verify the relation between Bcl-XL and Bilharzial related bladder cancer, determine its prognostic value and find any correlation between Bcl-XL expression and the pathological prognostic parameters. Also, to show its value as a radio-sensitivity marker. The present study included 100 cystectomy specimens obtained from patients with muscle invasive Bilharzial related bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy in the South Egypt Cancer Institute and the Department of Urology at Assiut University Hospital. Those patients were followed either for 2 years after cystectomy or until local recurrence or distant metastasis had occurred. Bcl-XL expression in the tissue specimens detected by immunohistochemical staining was correlated with; the 2 year recurrence-free survival rate, clinicopathological parameters (tumor type, stage, grade, gross picture & regional lymph node infiltration) and response to adjuvant radiotherapy. There was a statistically highly significant negative strong correlation between Bcl-XL expression and the recurrence-free survival (p0.0001 & r = - 0.731) and the response to adjuvant radiotherapy (p0.0001 & r = -0.741). These correlations were stronger in transitional cell carcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma. A statistically highly significant positive correlation between Bcl-XL expression and tumor grade & iliac lymph nodes infiltration was detected (p = 0.006 & r = 0.271 and p = 0.003 & r = 0.354 respectively). Rabab M. H. El Ghorori et al,. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ There was a statistically significant correlation between the histopathological tumor type and the Bcl-XL expression which was more in transitional cell carcinoma (p = 0.027 & r = 0.226). There was no statistically significant correlation between Bcl-XL and either tumor stage, tumor size or shape. In conclusion, Bcl-XL expression is a highly significant negative prognostic factor in patients with bilharzial-related bladder cancer and it is a highly significant indicator of radio-resistance. Bcl-XL is significantly correlated to regional lymph nodes infiltration, tumor grade and type.

The high frequency of cancer bladder among Egyptian patients is related to Bilharzial infestation. Organ confined muscle invasive bladder cancer should be theoretically cured by cystectomy but unfortunately many patients have progressive disease even after apparent radical ablation. Therefore, identification of independent prognostic factors has potential clinical importance, as it can be used to define an individual's risk for tumor progression and to customize appropriate management strategies. Bcl-XL is one of the most important anti-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family. As few studies have reported a connection between the Bcl-XL expression and bladder cancer, this work is done to verify the relation between Bcl-XL and Bilharzial related bladder cancer, determine its prognostic value and find any correlation between Bcl-XL expression and the pathological prognostic parameters. Also, to show its value as a radio-sensitivity marker. The present study included 100 cystectomy specimens obtained from patients with muscle invasive Bilharzial related bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy in the South Egypt Cancer Institute and the Department of Urology at Assiut University Hospital. Those patients were followed either for 2 years after cystectomy or until local recurrence or distant metastasis had occurred. Bcl-XL expression in the tissue specimens detected by immunohistochemical staining was correlated with; the 2 year recurrence-free survival rate, clinicopathological parameters (tumor type, stage, grade, gross picture & regional lymph node infiltration) and response to adjuvant radiotherapy. There was a statistically highly significant negative strong correlation between Bcl-XL expression and the recurrence-free survival (p0.0001 & r = - 0.731) and the response to adjuvant radiotherapy (p0.0001 & r = -0.741). These correlations were stronger in transitional cell carcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma. A statistically highly significant positive correlation between Bcl-XL expression and tumor grade & iliac lymph nodes infiltration was detected (p = 0.006 & r = 0.271 and p = 0.003 & r = 0.354 respectively). Rabab M. H. El Ghorori et al,. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ There was a statistically significant correlation between the histopathological tumor type and the Bcl-XL expression which was more in transitional cell carcinoma (p = 0.027 & r = 0.226). There was no statistically significant correlation between Bcl-XL and either tumor stage, tumor size or shape. In conclusion, Bcl-XL expression is a highly significant negative prognostic factor in patients with bilharzial-related bladder cancer and it is a highly significant indicator of radio-resistance. Bcl-XL is significantly correlated to regional lymph nodes infiltration, tumor grade and type.

The high frequency of cancer bladder among Egyptian patients is related to Bilharzial infestation. Organ confined muscle invasive bladder cancer should be theoretically cured by cystectomy but unfortunately many patients have progressive disease even after apparent radical ablation. Therefore, identification of independent prognostic factors has potential clinical importance, as it can be used to define an individual's risk for tumor progression and to customize appropriate management strategies. Bcl-XL is one of the most important anti-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family. As few studies have reported a connection between the Bcl-XL expression and bladder cancer, this work is done to verify the relation between Bcl-XL and Bilharzial related bladder cancer, determine its prognostic value and find any correlation between Bcl-XL expression and the pathological prognostic parameters. Also, to show its value as a radio-sensitivity marker. The present study included 100 cystectomy specimens obtained from patients with muscle invasive Bilharzial related bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy in the South Egypt Cancer Institute and the Department of Urology at Assiut University Hospital. Those patients were followed either for 2 years after cystectomy or until local recurrence or distant metastasis had occurred. Bcl-XL expression in the tissue specimens detected by immunohistochemical staining was correlated with; the 2 year recurrence-free survival rate, clinicopathological parameters (tumor type, stage, grade, gross picture & regional lymph node infiltration) and response to adjuvant radiotherapy. There was a statistically highly significant negative strong correlation between Bcl-XL expression and the recurrence-free survival (p0.0001 & r = - 0.731) and the response to adjuvant radiotherapy (p0.0001 & r = -0.741). These correlations were stronger in transitional cell carcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma. A statistically highly significant positive correlation between Bcl-XL expression and tumor grade & iliac lymph nodes infiltration was detected (p = 0.006 & r = 0.271 and p = 0.003 & r = 0.354 respectively). Rabab M. H. El Ghorori et al,. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ There was a statistically significant correlation between the histopathological tumor type and the Bcl-XL expression which was more in transitional cell carcinoma (p = 0.027 & r = 0.226). There was no statistically significant correlation between Bcl-XL and either tumor stage, tumor size or shape. In conclusion, Bcl-XL expression is a highly significant negative prognostic factor in patients with bilharzial-related bladder cancer and it is a highly significant indicator of radio-resistance. Bcl-XL is significantly correlated to regional lymph nodes infiltration, tumor grade and type.

Bakground: This study was conducted to test the efficacy and tolerability of trimodality treatment for invasive bladder cancer and to test the possibility of bladder sparing. Methods: This study had been carried out on 50 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) stage T2T3 tumors with adequate performance status and renal function. All patients were subjected to maximum transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT). Patients were then subjected to chemo-radiation that was executed in two treatment phases. Phase I was external radiotherapy in the form of 46 Gy /23 fractions /5 weeks to whole pelvis with concurrent cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly. Phase II was 20 Gy /10 fractions /2 weeks to the bladder tumor with concurrent cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly. After phase I, patients who had complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) were subjected to phase II and patients who had stationary disease (SD) were subjected to salvage cystectomy. After the end of treatment, patients who had CR were subjected to bladder preservation. Radiological and cystoscopic reevaluation was done to assess the tumor response after phase I and phase II. After completion of the scheduled treatment, patients were under follow up for clinical examination, radiological, and cystoscopic assessment. Results: The treatment schedule was tolerable and was associated with infrequent incidence of moderate toxicity that was easily controlled without interruption of treatment. Bladder preservation was achieved in 72% of patients. The actuarial relapse free survival and overall survival at a median follow up 18 months for patients who were candidate for bladder preservation were 81% and 100%; respectively. Invasive recurrence (16%) salvaged with cystectomy and superficial recurrence (6%) successfully treated with Bacilles bilie de CalmetteGuerin. Conclusions: This study indicates that in spite of a relatively small number of patients and short follow-up period; the trimodality treatment could be an effective way to achieve a high response rate in the treatment of invasive TCC of the bladder with good tolerance.

Bakground: This study was conducted to test the efficacy and tolerability of trimodality treatment for invasive bladder cancer and to test the possibility of bladder sparing. Methods: This study had been carried out on 50 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) stage T2T3 tumors with adequate performance status and renal function. All patients were subjected to maximum transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT). Patients were then subjected to chemo-radiation that was executed in two treatment phases. Phase I was external radiotherapy in the form of 46 Gy /23 fractions /5 weeks to whole pelvis with concurrent cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly. Phase II was 20 Gy /10 fractions /2 weeks to the bladder tumor with concurrent cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly. After phase I, patients who had complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) were subjected to phase II and patients who had stationary disease (SD) were subjected to salvage cystectomy. After the end of treatment, patients who had CR were subjected to bladder preservation. Radiological and cystoscopic reevaluation was done to assess the tumor response after phase I and phase II. After completion of the scheduled treatment, patients were under follow up for clinical examination, radiological, and cystoscopic assessment. Results: The treatment schedule was tolerable and was associated with infrequent incidence of moderate toxicity that was easily controlled without interruption of treatment. Bladder preservation was achieved in 72% of patients. The actuarial relapse free survival and overall survival at a median follow up 18 months for patients who were candidate for bladder preservation were 81% and 100%; respectively. Invasive recurrence (16%) salvaged with cystectomy and superficial recurrence (6%) successfully treated with Bacilles bilie de CalmetteGuerin. Conclusions: This study indicates that in spite of a relatively small number of patients and short follow-up period; the trimodality treatment could be an effective way to achieve a high response rate in the treatment of invasive TCC of the bladder with good tolerance.

Bakground: This study was conducted to test the efficacy and tolerability of trimodality treatment for invasive bladder cancer and to test the possibility of bladder sparing. Methods: This study had been carried out on 50 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) stage T2T3 tumors with adequate performance status and renal function. All patients were subjected to maximum transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT). Patients were then subjected to chemo-radiation that was executed in two treatment phases. Phase I was external radiotherapy in the form of 46 Gy /23 fractions /5 weeks to whole pelvis with concurrent cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly. Phase II was 20 Gy /10 fractions /2 weeks to the bladder tumor with concurrent cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly. After phase I, patients who had complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) were subjected to phase II and patients who had stationary disease (SD) were subjected to salvage cystectomy. After the end of treatment, patients who had CR were subjected to bladder preservation. Radiological and cystoscopic reevaluation was done to assess the tumor response after phase I and phase II. After completion of the scheduled treatment, patients were under follow up for clinical examination, radiological, and cystoscopic assessment. Results: The treatment schedule was tolerable and was associated with infrequent incidence of moderate toxicity that was easily controlled without interruption of treatment. Bladder preservation was achieved in 72% of patients. The actuarial relapse free survival and overall survival at a median follow up 18 months for patients who were candidate for bladder preservation were 81% and 100%; respectively. Invasive recurrence (16%) salvaged with cystectomy and superficial recurrence (6%) successfully treated with Bacilles bilie de CalmetteGuerin. Conclusions: This study indicates that in spite of a relatively small number of patients and short follow-up period; the trimodality treatment could be an effective way to achieve a high response rate in the treatment of invasive TCC of the bladder with good tolerance.

Background: We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate overall survival (OAS) and disease free survival (DFS) rates in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder according to different prognostic factors. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of patients with non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. All men underwent radical cystectomy and women underwent anterior pelvic exentration. Most patients had postoperative radiation therapy. The log-rank test examined differences in OAS and DFS rates. Results: The medical records of 106 patients were analyzed. The median followup from the date of enrollment was 30 months and ranged from 2 to 73 months. For the entire group, three-year OAS rates were 46.9% and DFS rates were 44%. For patients with P2 (tumor invasion into the muscularis propria) the three-year OAS rate was 53%, for P3 (tumor invasion into perivesical fat) it was 45% and 9% for P4 (tumor invasion into adjacent organs, pelvic wall or abdominal wall) The OAS rate was statistically significant in favor of P2 disease (P=0.0041). The three-year DFS rate was 50% for P2, 45% for P3 and 9% for P4 disease (P=0.0125). Administration of post-operative radiotherapy did not result in statistically significant improvement in three-year OAS and DFS rates. Conclusion: Survival rates were statistically significant and higher in patients with P2 and P3 disease compared to P4 disease. Adjuvant radiotherapy did not result in statistically significant survival improvement.

Background: We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate overall survival (OAS) and disease free survival (DFS) rates in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder according to different prognostic factors. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of patients with non-metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. All men underwent radical cystectomy and women underwent anterior pelvic exentration. Most patients had postoperative radiation therapy. The log-rank test examined differences in OAS and DFS rates. Results: The medical records of 106 patients were analyzed. The median followup from the date of enrollment was 30 months and ranged from 2 to 73 months. For the entire group, three-year OAS rates were 46.9% and DFS rates were 44%. For patients with P2 (tumor invasion into the muscularis propria) the three-year OAS rate was 53%, for P3 (tumor invasion into perivesical fat) it was 45% and 9% for P4 (tumor invasion into adjacent organs, pelvic wall or abdominal wall) The OAS rate was statistically significant in favor of P2 disease (P=0.0041). The three-year DFS rate was 50% for P2, 45% for P3 and 9% for P4 disease (P=0.0125). Administration of post-operative radiotherapy did not result in statistically significant improvement in three-year OAS and DFS rates. Conclusion: Survival rates were statistically significant and higher in patients with P2 and P3 disease compared to P4 disease. Adjuvant radiotherapy did not result in statistically significant survival improvement.

Purpose: To compare the outcome among patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with cystectomy alone with outcome among those treated with combined-modality treatment in a randomised phase III trial. Patients and methods: Patients with histologically confirmed invasive non-metastatic bladder cancer T2-3, N0 and M0 were randomly assigned to two arms: Arm 1: of which all patients underwent radical cystectomy (RC) alone; and Arm 2, of which all patients were subjected to maximal transurethral resection of bladder tumour, followed 2 weeks later by combined chemoradiotherapy. The whole pelvis received 46Gy in 23 fractions over 4?5 weeks. Chemotherapy was administered concomitantly with radiotherapy with: cisplatin 70mg/m2 q. 3 weeks and Gemcitabine 300mg/m2 D 1, 8 and 15 q. 3 weeks for two cycles. Patients who had complete response were shifted to phase II treatment: 20Gy/10 fractions/2 weeks to the bladder. Patients with residual tumour underwent RC. Results: Of the 80 patients assigned Arm 2, a visibly completed transurethral resection of the bladder tumour was possible in 48 patients (60%). Phase I of combined chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) was accomplished in 74 patients. Post-induction urologic evaluation revealed no evidence of disease in 62 patients (83?8%) and residual disease in 12 patients (16?2%). Phase II of CCRT was completed in 58 of the 62 patients. The median follow-up for all patients is 27 months (range: 4–49). The 3-year overall survival (OS) for the combined-modality group and for the surgery group were 61 and 63%, respectively ( p 50?425), whereas the disease-specific survival (DSS) for each group was 69 and 73%, respectively ( p 50?714). The 3-year OS with bladder preservation for Arm 2 patients was 50%. Multivariate analysis for the whole series showed that tumour stage and performance status (PS) were the only factors independently associated with DSS, although PS was the only factor independently associated with OS. In addition, residual disease after transurethral resection of the bladder tumour in Arm 2 patients was independently associated with both DSS and OS. Acute toxicity was moderate and most of the late toxicities were grade 2 with no grade 4 toxicity and no treatment-related deaths, none required cystectomy for bladder contraction. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that trimodality bladder-preserving approach represents a valid alternative for suitable patients. The OS and DSS rates of patients treated with trimodality bladder-preserving protocol are comparable to the results reported on patients treated with immediate radical cystectomy.