Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and lethal disease; it remains the third most frequently occurring cancer among both genders. In Egypt, colon cancer represents the ninth most common cancer while rectal cancer ranks the 18th most common cancer by incidence. The application of cancer stem cells (CSC) as prognostic markers in CRC is now studied, among which is CD44, which is implicated in cellular growth, differentiation, survival as well as the metastatic behavior of cancer cells. The prognostic role of CD44 in CRC is still controversial. The study aims at inspecting CD44 immunoreactivity in the epithelium of colorectal cancer specimens and to detect its association with the patients’ clinicopathological features as well as its prognostic significance.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study included 85 CRC specimens and 16 adenoma specimens collected from the Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, during the period from 2018 to 2020. All specimens were stained by anti-CD44 antibody.

Results

CD44 epithelial expression in colon cancer tissue specimens was substantially higher than in normal mucosa. It was observed that 95% (n = 81) of the studied colorectal carcinoma cases showed positive CD44 epithelial expression compared to distant normal mucosa as controls as well as adenoma cases where only 43.8% (n = 7) of adenoma cases showed positivity with highly significant p-value P = 0.000 and it correlates with cancer progression and aggressiveness. Low H score expression H ≤ 150 had better 3 years disease-free survival DFS estimated by 83.3% compared to 79.6% with high H score expression with significant P-value (P = 0.041).

Discussion

Our current study showed a statistically significant association between CD44 expression and tumor size (T), lymph node metastasis (N) as well as disease stage with P-values (P = 0.009), (p = 0.000) and (p = 0.000), respectively. CD44 epithelial immunostaining showed to be of an adverse prognostic significance in early CRC associated with more aggressive behavior and worse survival.

Background Tumor microenvironment, specifically tumor-associated macrophages, plays an important role in tumor initiation and progression. CD163 has been recognized as a valuable specific macrophage marker. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) plays a role in tumor progression. CD31 is reliable for estimation of the density of microvesseles (MVD), which has prognostic importance in several malignant tumors. Thus, the current study was conducted to test the association between CD163, Cox2, and CD31 expression with the prognosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients and their potential correlation with clinicopathological variables. Method CD163, Cox2, and CD31 expressions were examined in newly diagnosed patients with cHL through immunohistochemistry on tissue biopsy and the results were correlated with the patients’ outcome after the median follow-up, which was about 35 months. Results 104 patients were included in this study. High CD163 was found in 32.7% of the patients. Cox2 was positive in 42.3% of them. CD 31 with high MVD (≥10%) was found in 51% of the subjects. A significant association was detected between CD163 and Cox2 with tumor stage (P = 0.001, and P = 0.001) and IPS score. Regarding CD31, we could not find any significant associations with disease parameters, except with histological subtype (P = 0.001). A significant relationship was observed between Cox2 and CD163 expression and the relapse rate (P = 0.001, P = 0.01, respectively). Regarding survival, only Cox2 showed a significant association with disease-free survival (P = 0.0379). Conclusion These findings suggested that Cox2 and …

Background: In children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) serves as the most prevalent blood malignancy. Based on the American Cancer Society, there were 1580 fatalities and 5690 reported as new cases of ALL in adults and children in the United States (US) in 2021. Aim of the Work: The objective of this research is to examine the expression levels of the FoxO3a gene in bone marrow samples of pediatric patients with ALL using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in order to develop a newly targeted treatment for the disease and determine whether there is a relationship between the expression levels of FoxO3a gene, the clinical presentation and laboratory data of these patients. Subjects and Methods: This research was performed on fifty-three recently diagnosed pediatric ALL cases, according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) categorization (36 were B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) versus 17were T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)) and 30 healthy participants age and sex matched to cases as a control group. These individuals were admitted at the South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI), Assiut University in the period from June 2020 to December 2021. Results: FoxO3a gene was significantly downregulated in ALL patients. Statistically significant correlations among downregulation of FoxO3a gene, hepatosplenomegaly, and the higher percentage of peripheral (PB) blast cells were recorded.

Conclusion: FoxO3a gene acts as tumor suppressor gene, thus rendering FoxO3a gene as potential target for treating ALL as one of hematopoietic malignancies

الخلفية: يشير مصطلح مرض الكبد الدهني غير الكحولي إلى مجموعة من الاضطرابات الناجمة عن تراكم الدهون في الكبد والتي يمكن أن تنتج عن مستويات الدهون المرتفعة في البطن فتصبح الخلايا الدهنية أكثر تحللًا للدهون، مما يؤدي إلى إطلاق الأحماض الدهنية الحرة في الجهاز الوريدي البابي.

الهدف: هدفنا في هذه الدراسة إلى استخدام تحليل الدهون الحشوية والدهون تحت الجلد وكتلة العضلات وحجم الكبد لتقييم درجة الكبد الدهني في مرض الكبد الدهني غير الكحولي.

الطريقة والنتائج: ضمت هذه الدراسة 130 مريضاً يعانون من مرض الكبد الدهني غير الكحولي، وكان متوسط ​​عمر المرضى الخاضعين للدراسة 51.38 (تراوح بين 25 و65 سنة)، وكان عدد المرضى الذكور 60 مريضاً بينما كانت الإناث 70 مريضة، وكان متوسط ​​مؤشر كتلة الجسم 41.23 كجم / م² ، و بناءً على التقييم بواسطة الفحص بالموجات فوق الصوتية لهؤلاء المرضى؛ فإن المرضى الذين يعانون من الكبد الدهني من الدرجة الثالثة كان لديهم نسب أعلى بشكل ملحوظ في الحجم الإجمالي للدهون، وحجم الدهون الحشوية، وحجم الدهون تحت الجلد، ومعدل الدهون في الجسم، ومعدل حجم الدهون الحشوية، وحجم العضلات القطنية ، ونسبة العضلات القطنية مقارنة مع أولئك الذين لديهم الدرجتين الأولى و الثانية من الكبد الدهني، كما أن إنزيمات الكبد ارتبطت ارتباطًا وثيقًا بالحجم الكلي للدهون، ومعدل حجم الدهون الحشوية ، وحجم العضلات القطنية، ونسبة العضلات القطنية، وحجم الكبد.

الخلاصة: كانت درجة الكبد الدهني بين مرضى الكبد الدهني غير الكحولي مرتبطة بشكل إيجابي بكمية الدهون تحت الجلد، والدهون الحشوية، وكتلة العضلات أيضاً، كما كان لأنزيمات الكبد علاقة إيجابية مع كمية الدهون الكلية والحشوية، كتلة العضلات القطنية، وحجم الكبد.