Abstract
Ectoparasites are important vectors of infectious diseases for both humans and animals. This study aims to assess the
prevalence and impact of ectoparasite infestations in stray and owned dogs in various localities in Cairo, Egypt, during the
period from February 2024 to January 2025. A total of 200 dogs (100 owned dogs and 100 strays) of various ages were
examined. Ectoparasites were collected and analyzed parasitologically, with molecular characterization of Hippobosca
spp. via COX1 gene sequencing for the first time in Egypt, aiming to achieve specific identification. Ectoparasite infestation
was observed in 72% (144/200) of dogs, with a higher rate (98%) in stray dogs compared to owned ones (46%). Ticks
(Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) were the most prevalent, followed by fleas (Ctenocephalides canis and C. felis).
Mites (Sarcoptes scabiei, Demodex canis, and Otodectes cynotis) and Hippobosca longipennis were detected at lower
rates. Age, sex, and season were significant risk factors for infestation (p < 0.001). This study highlights the role of dogs
as hosts of ectoparasites that may transmit zoonotic pathogens, emphasizing the need for integrated control strategies to
protect animal health, safeguard public health, and support effective veterinary care.
Keywords Dogs · Ticks · Fleas · Mites · Hippobosca spp. · Molecular characterization