With appearance of excess use of vitamins and multivitamin regimens, Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A that is fundamental for cell growth and differentiation.

To examine the impact of excess retinoic acid on the prenatal liver development of albino rats and explore the potential mitigating role of folic acid supplementation.

Thirty adult pregnant female rats were divided into three groups. Control group (I), retinoic acid treated group (II) was given retinoic acid at a dose 50 mg/kg B.W./day, RA was dissolved in 0.1 ml of olive oil orally and the folic acid group (III) received retinoic acid following the same regimen as the experimental group (II), in addition to a 4.0 mg/kg dose of folic acid via intraperitoneal injection, starting on the first day of pregnancy and continuing until the day of sacrifice. On the 14th and 18th days of pregnancy, the mothers were …