Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a parasite that causes diarrheal disease, Cryptosporidiosis, affecting humans and animals. It belongs to the Apicomplexan protozoan family and has a complex life cycle. There are around 25 species and several genotypes, with Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum being the most common species causing human infections. Cryptosporidiosis spreads primarily through the faecal-oral route, consuming viable oocysts, which are excreted with feces that contaminate food or water. Waterborne transmission is also common, making drinking water and recreational water the most likely sources of infection. The infection is more common in developing countries, causing 10-15% of severe diarrheal illness cases. In industrialized countries, the prevalence is lower, but it remains a significant public health concern. Cryptosporidium infection is a significant health concern worldwide, causing diarrhoea in both immune-compromised and immune-competent individuals. Molecular methods are being increasingly used in research to enhance epidemiological data and improve risk assessments for managing Cryptosporidium.
Keywords: Cryptosporidium, molecular epidemiology.